Inspeção Sanitária Integrada de Aves

Abstract

O frango do campo (FC) é um frango diferenciado do frango industrial (FI), na medida em que a sua produção em regime extensivo implica a utilização de aves rústicas, que se afastam das características do FI por imposição da seleção genética desenvolvida nas últimas décadas.

O principal objetivo da inspeção sanitária em matadouro é assegurar o cumprimento legal do bem-estar e saúde animal e de higiene e segurança alimentar. Os resultados da inspeção ante e post mortemconstituem, adicionalmente, elementos fundamentais nos sistemas de vigilância que visam a mitigação de problemas associados ao bem-estar e saúde animal.

Com base nestes factos, o objetivo deste estudo foi acompanhar o processo de abate do frango do campo e avaliar as principais causas de rejeição total, bem como as percentagens de traumatismos, e onde estes ocorrem na cadeia de produção, percentagens de lesões cutâneas e dermatites das almofadas plantares (DAPs). Pretendeu-se ainda estudar os fatores/indicadores de risco dos parâmetros anteriores onde se incluiu o estudo da heterogeneidade de lote. Foi ainda um objetivo o cálculo do impacto económico dos traumatismos e lesões cutâneas.

Dos frangos chegados ao matadouro, 1,33% foram rejeitados post mortem. No presente estudo, a principal causa observada foi a celulite (25,3%). Verificou-se uma percentagem de rejeição total (RT) significativamente superior em lotes de machos do que de fêmeas (p matadouro, provavelmente associados à pendura das aves na linha de abate, tendo correspondido a uma perda económica de 360 a 841 euros mensais.

As lesões cutâneas ocorreram em 0,671% dos frangos analisados sendo que o principal local afetado foi a coxa, correspondendo a 74% das lesões cutâneas. Das lesões cutâneas, 95,9% eram celulites e as restantes, 4,1%, eram dermatites necróticas.

Com o presente trabalho, salienta-se a importância da avaliação continuada da relevância dos diferentes indicadores de bem-estar, salientando-se os traumatismo ante morteme a TMA como sendo um indicador importante no FC.

Alternate abstract:

Free-range chicken is differentiated from broilers because the extensive production regime in which they are bred implies the use of rustic birds that diverge from broilers because of genetic selection pressure they suffered in the last decade.

Meat inspection in slaughterhouses aims to ensure legal compliance with animal welfare and health, hygiene, and food safety. The results of ante and post mortem inspection are fundamental elements in surveillance systems aimed at mitigating problems associated with animal welfare and health.

Based on these facts, the objective of this study was to follow the process of slaughtering free-range chicken and evaluate the leading causes of total condemnation, the percentages of trauma, where they occur in the production chain, percentages of skin lesions, and dermatitis of plantar pads. It was also intended to study the risk factors/indicators of the previous parameters, including the study of batch heterogeneity. It was also an objective to calculate the economic impact of trauma and skin lesions.

In between the chicken that arrived at the slaughterhouse, 1.33% were rejected post mortem. The utmost condemnation cause observed in the present study was cellulitis (25.3%). There was a significantly higher percentage of total condemnation in batches of males than females (p<0.05) and in batches from farms in "extensive indoor" systems than in "outdoor" farms and also a positive significant association difference between the cumulative mortality rate and the percentage of total condemnation, for cachexia, for cellulitis, and febrile state. These results highlight gender (male), production system (extensive indoor), and cumulative mortality rate as indicators to support risk-based health inspection suggesting a more detailed examination which a decrease in slaughter line speed may accompany.

Among the animals analyzed, 2.16% had trauma to some part of the carcass, with 1.28% occurring ante mortem and 1.041% post mortem. Among the ante mortem injuries, the results showed that 54% occurred in the slaughterhouse, probably associated with the birds hanging on the slaughter line, corresponding to an economic loss of 360 to 841 euros per month.

The skin lesions occurred in 0.671% of the analyzed chickens, and the leading affected site was the thigh, corresponding to 74% of the skin lesions. Of the skin lesions, 95.9% were cellulitis, and the remaining 4.1% were necrotic dermatitis.

The present work highlights the importance of continuous assessment of the relevance of different well-being indicators, emphasizing ante mortemtrauma and cumulative mortality rate as critical indicators in free-range chicken.