Impact of dietary risk on global ischemic heart disease: findings from 1990–2019

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a condition in which the heart is starved of oxygen. Knowing the dietary risk factors implementing appropriate nutritional interventions in this regard seems essential. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the epidemiological features of IHD affected by dietary risks. This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. In this study, we collected information on death, years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of IHD affected by dietary risks in one hundred thousand people with 95% confidence based on the direct Age Standard Rate (ASR). We applied these data based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In 2019, the number of IHD deaths, YLDs, and DALYs attributable to dietary risks was 62.43 million (95% UI [50.97–73.63] per 100,000 population), 36.88 (95% UI [23.87–53.32] per 100,000 population), and 1271.32 (95% UI [1061.29–1473.75] per 100,000 population), respectively. We found that the lowest DALYs of IHD affected by dietary risks by ASR are for high SDI countries. Most dietary risk factors related to IHD in countries with high and high middle SDI were related to a diet high in red and processed meat, sodium, and low in legumes, but in countries with low and low middle SDI, it was related to a diet low in fiber, fruit, nuts and seeds, PUFA, seafood W3 fatty acids, vegetables and whole grain. Considering that the dietary risk factors related to IHD are different based on SDI, it is necessary to consider nutritional interventions according to SDI.