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Abstract
The relationship between green and grey urban infrastructure, local meteorological conditions, and traffic-related air pollution is complex and dynamic. This case study examined the effect of evolving morphologies around a city square park in Dublin and explores the twin impacts of local urban development (grey) and maturing parks (green) on particulate matter (PM) pollution. A fixed air quality monitoring campaign and computational fluid dynamic modelling (ENVI-met) were used to assess current (baseline) and future scenarios. The baseline results presented the distribution of PM in the study area, with bimodal (PM2.5) and unimodal (PM10) diurnal profiles. The optimal vegetation height for air quality within the park also differed by wind direction with 21 m vegetation optimal for parallel winds (10.45% reduction) and 7 m vegetation optimal for perpendicular winds (30.36% reduction). Increased building heights led to higher PM2.5 concentrations on both footpaths ranging from 25.3 to 37.0% under perpendicular winds, whilst increasing the height of leeward buildings increased PM2.5 concentrations by up to 30.9% under parallel winds. The findings from this study provide evidence of the importance of more in-depth analysis of green and grey urban infrastructure in the urban planning decision-making process to avoid deteriorating air quality conditions around city square parks.
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Details
1 Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Center for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Unmanned Aerial Systems Applications Research, State-Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai, China (GRID:grid.16821.3c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0368 8293); University of Dublin, Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (GRID:grid.8217.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9705)
2 University of Dublin, Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (GRID:grid.8217.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9705)
3 University of Dublin, Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (GRID:grid.8217.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9705); Trinity College Dublin, TrinityHaus Research Centre, School of Engineering, Dublin 2, Ireland (GRID:grid.8217.c) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9705)
4 University of Florida, iAdapt: International Center for Adaptation Planning and Design, College of Design, Construction and Planning, Florida, USA (GRID:grid.15276.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8091); Ajman University, Healthy Building Research Center, Ajman, UAE (GRID:grid.444470.7) (ISNI:0000 0000 8672 9927)
5 Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Center for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Unmanned Aerial Systems Applications Research, State-Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai, China (GRID:grid.16821.3c) (ISNI:0000 0004 0368 8293)