Abstract

Introduction

A body of research has examined the association between prenatal cannabis use and congenital birth defects in offspring; however, these studies have not been synthesised. We performed a comprehensive synthesis of existing research to test whether there is an association between prenatal cannabis use and congenital birth defects in exposed offspring.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of existing evidence to synthesise the association between prenatal cannabis use and congenital birth defects in exposed offspring.

Methods

In line with the preregistered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022368623), we systematically searched PubMed/Medline, CINHAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, Psych-Info, and Google Scholar for published articles until 4 April 2023. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). A meta-analysis was carried out to report the pooled effect estimates from the included studies. We further performed subgroup, leave-one-out sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses, which increased the robustness of our findings.

Results

Thirty observational studies (i.e., fifteen case-control and fifteen cohort studies) with 229,930 cases of birth defects and 26,826,741 controls (healthy babies) were included in the final analysis. We found that offspring exposed to maternal prenatal cannabis had a 56%, 69%, 47%, 23%, and 13% increased risk of any birth defects (irrespective of specific body system) [RR = 1.56: 95 % CI 1.28 – 1.92], defects of the gastrointestinal [RR = 1.69: 95 % CI 1.37 – 2.09], cardiovascular/heart [RR = 1.47: 95 % CI 1.09 – 1.97], central nervous systems [RR = 1.43: 95 % CI 1.09 – 1.89], and facial/oral cleft [RR = 1.13: 95 % CI 1.08 – 1.18], respectively.

Conclusions

The findings from the current study suggest that maternal prenatal cannabis exposure is associated with a higher risk of birth defects in offspring. The findings highlight the importance of promotive and preventive strategies to reduce cannabis use during pregnancy that contribute to minimising the risk of birth defects in offspring.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared

Details

Title
The association between prenatal cannabis use and congenital birth defects in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Author
Tadesse, A W 1 ; Ayano, G 2 ; Dachew, B A 1 ; Tusa, B S 1 ; Damtie, Y 1 ; Betts, K 1 ; Alati, R 1 

 School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia 
 School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Austria 
Pages
S67-S67
Publication year
2024
Publication date
Aug 2024
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
ISSN
09249338
e-ISSN
17783585
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3097393974
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of European Psychiatric Association. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.