基于文献计量学的SWAT模型发展趋势研究

Abstract

【目的】梳理国际上 SWAT（Soil and Water Assessment Tool）模型研究进展，揭示SWAT模型研究发展趋势。【方法】汇总分析Web of Science（WOS）核心合集数据库中1994—2022年间与SWAT模型的相关论文，采用VOSviewer、CiteSpace和基于R语言的Biblioshiny 3种文献计量工具对文献计量分析。从发文量、发文期刊、研究机构和作者影响力、高被引文献、关键词和主题演化等多个角度分析了SWAT模型的受关注程度、知识基础和研究前沿。【结果】①1994—2022年间SWAT模型研究领域论文共有3 496篇，2006年后与该研究主题相关论文数量快速增长，2008年以来中国发文量迅速增长，在2019年超过了美国，成为全球SWAT模型研究发文量最多的国家。②SWAT模型研究的主要发文期刊有《JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY》《HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES》《WATER》等。最具影响力的国外发文作者是美国的SRINIVASAN R和ARNOLD J G，国内发文作者是沈珍瑶、陈磊、欧阳威等。③北京师范大学、德克萨斯农工大学、中国科学院大学、河海大学、武汉大学等是SWAT模型的重要研究机构。各国及各研究机构之间对于SWAT模型的研究密切合作，极大地推动了这一领域全球化发展。④SWAT模型应用研究领域主要集中在水资源、环境科学与生态学等学科。⑤SWAT模型研究的热点主要聚焦于径流模拟、土地利用和气候变化对水文过程影响的评估、土壤侵蚀、污染负荷等方面。【结论】未来SWAT的研究也面临着诸多挑战，讨论SWAT模型参数率定以及模型不确定性、不同流域尺度对于模型构建的影响、SWAT模型的改进、考虑多种应用情景下的模型耦合、气候变化和人类活动对水资源的影响将成为未来SWAT模型的研究重点。

Alternate abstract:

【Objective】SWAT is a model widely used to simulate various processes including hydrological processes and crop growth at various scales. This paper reviews its application and development from 1994 to 2022.【Method】The analysis is based on published papers that have been indexed by the Web of Science (WOS). Three bibliometric tools, VOSviewer, CiteSpace and Biblioshiny were used in econometric analysis of the literature. The levels of attention, knowledge and research frontiers in SWAT application and development were analyzed based on the number of published papers, publishing journals, affiliated institutions, paper citation, keywords and research topics.【Result】① A total of 3 496 papers related to SWAT were published from 1994 to 2022. After 2006, the number of published papers involving SWAT increased rapidly. Since 2008, the number of SWAT papers published by Chinese researchers has grown rapidly, surpassing the United States in 2019 and becoming the lead country in publishing SWAT papers. ② The journals that publish SWAT papers most are "Journal of Hydrology", "Hydrological Processes " and “Water". Non-Chinese authors who published most SWAT papers are Srinivasan R and Arnold J, both from the United States. Chinese authors who published most SWAT papers are Shen Zhenyao, Chen Lei and Ouyang Wei. ③ Beijing Normal University, the University of Texas, the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hohai University, Wuhan University are the institutions that contributed most SWAT papers. Cooperation between countries and research institutions has promoted globalization and development of SWAT. ④ The application of SWAT is mainly in water resources, environmental science, and ecology. ⑤ The hotspots in SWAT are runoff simulation, assessment of the impact of land use and climate change on hydrological processes, soil erosion, pollution load.【Conclusion】SWAT has been widely used in different areas but its practical application still has some challenges. These include parameter calibrations and the associated uncertainties, model construction for different watersheds as well as the influence of different factors, impact of climate change and human activities.