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This research aims an integrated study of organic and inorganic fractions in coals from the Carboniferous of the Iberian Peninsula, including three basins: the Douro Carboniferous Basin (DCB), the Central Asturian Coal Basin (CAB) and the Peñarroya-Belmez-Espiel Basin (PBEB). Therefore, this study presents the results of the petrographic composition of coals belonging to these basins, including the maceral analysis and vitrinite reflectance. Results regarding the geochemical composition of these coals are also presented, these were obtained through the proximate and ultimate analysis as well as the elements abundance and geochemical affinities. These in combination with the identification of the mineral phases allowed to infer on the mode of occurrence of some of these elements.
The results indicate that the major organic constituent across all coals is vitrinite, being telovitrinite the main subgroup. The content of mineral matter presented in the samples is variable and consists mainly of clay minerals and carbonates, even though the pyrite also displays a relevant occurrence. In DCB, where the coalification process reached a higher degree, thermal effects are also visible, such as devolatilization vacuoles. The proximate and ultimate analysis data agree with the rank and shows variable ash yields, the atomic H/C and O/C ratios data of the coal samples in the Van Krevelen diagram is not always in agreement with the petrographic data for CAB and PBEB.
The study of the trace elements abundance demonstrated that the enrichment/depletion is variable between each basin however Zn, Pb, Sb and Cs enrichment is more or less transversal to all basins, which arises as a result of magmatic fluids circulation. In DCB and PBEB trace elements show a more organic affinity with the ash yield, which can be the responsible for a slight enrichment of the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). Whereas the aluminum-silicate affinity displayed by the light rare earth elements (LREEs) indicates that its enrichment is related to the clay minerals, particularly with the occurrence of authigenic kaolinite. Mercury has significant concentration coefficients in all the basins and presents a different mode of occurrence in each one.