Abstract

Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) may interact with a virtual pion that is exchanged between nucleons. This interaction channel is important to consider in models where the spin-independent isoscalar channel is suppressed. Using data from the first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment, containing 60 live days of data in a 5.5 tonne fiducial mass of liquid xenon, we report the results on a search for WIMP-pion interactions. We observe no significant excess and set an upper limit of 1.5 × 10−46 cm2 at a 90% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c2 for this interaction.

Cosmological evidence suggests that nonluminous dark matter comprises 27% of the energy density of the universe, with weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) being a favoured candidate. Here, the authors perform a search for WIMP-like dark matter interacting with a virtual particle that is exchanges between xenon nucleons.

Details

Title
Probing the scalar WIMP-pion coupling with the first LUX-ZEPLIN data
Author
Aalbers, J. 1 ; Akerib, D. S. 1 ; Al Musalhi, A. K. 2 ; Alder, F. 2 ; Amarasinghe, C. S. 3 ; Ames, A. 1 ; Anderson, T. J. 1 ; Angelides, N. 4 ; Araújo, H. M. 4 ; Armstrong, J. E. 5 ; Arthurs, M. 1 ; Baker, A. 4 ; Balashov, S. 6 ; Bang, J. 7 ; Barillier, E. E. 8 ; Bargemann, J. W. 9 ; Beattie, K. 10 ; Benson, T. 11 ; Bhatti, A. 5 ; Biekert, A. 12 ; Biesiadzinski, T. P. 1 ; Birch, H. J. 8 ; Bishop, E. J. 13 ; Blockinger, G. M. 14 ; Boxer, B. 15   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Brew, C. A. J. 6 ; Brás, P. 16 ; Burdin, S. 17 ; Buuck, M. 1 ; Carmona-Benitez, M. C. 18 ; Carter, M. 17 ; Chawla, A. 19 ; Chen, H. 10 ; Cherwinka, J. J. 11 ; Chin, Y. T. 18 ; Chott, N. I. 20 ; Converse, M. V. 21 ; Cottle, A. 2 ; Cox, G. 2 ; Curran, D. 22 ; Dahl, C. E. 23 ; David, A. 2 ; Delgaudio, J. 22 ; Dey, S. 24 ; de Viveiros, L. 18 ; Di Felice, L. 4 ; Ding, C. 7 ; Dobson, J. E. Y. 25 ; Druszkiewicz, E. 21 ; Eriksen, S. R. 26   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Fan, A. 1 ; Fearon, N. M. 24 ; Fieldhouse, N. 24 ; Fiorucci, S. 10 ; Flaecher, H. 26 ; Fraser, E. D. 17 ; Fruth, T. M. A. 27 ; Gaitskell, R. J. 7 ; Geffre, A. 22 ; Genovesi, J. 20 ; Ghag, C. 2 ; Gibbons, R. 12 ; Gokhale, S. 28 ; Green, J. 24 ; van der Grinten, M. G. D. 6 ; Haiston, J. J. 20 ; Hall, C. R. 5 ; Han, S. 1 ; Hartigan-O’Connor, E. 7 ; Haselschwardt, S. J. 10 ; Hernandez, M. A. 8 ; Hertel, S. A. 29 ; Heuermann, G. 30 ; Homenides, G. J. 31 ; Horn, M. 22 ; Huang, D. Q. 30 ; Hunt, D. 24 ; Jacquet, E. 4 ; James, R. S. 32 ; Johnson, J. 15 ; Kaboth, A. C. 19 ; Kamaha, A. C. 33 ; Kannichankandy, M. 14 ; Khaitan, D. 21 ; Khazov, A. 6 ; Khurana, I. 2 ; Kim, Y. D. 34 ; Kim, J. 9 ; Kingston, J. 15 ; Kirk, R. 7 ; Kodroff, D. 35 ; Korley, L. 30 ; Korolkova, E. V. 36 ; Kraus, H. 24 ; Kravitz, S. 37 ; Kreczko, L. 26 ; Kudryavtsev, V. A. 36 ; Leonard, D. S. 34 ; Lesko, K. T. 10 ; Levy, C. 14 ; Lin, J. 12 ; Lindote, A. 16 ; Linehan, R. 1 ; Lippincott, W. H. 9 ; Lopes, M. I. 16 ; Lorenzon, W. 30 ; Lu, C. 7 ; Luitz, S. 38 ; Majewski, P. A. 6 ; Manalaysay, A. 10 ; Mannino, R. L. 39 ; Maupin, C. 22 ; McCarthy, M. E. 21 ; McDowell, G. 30 ; McKinsey, D. N. 12 ; McLaughlin, J. 40 ; McLaughlin, J. B. 2 ; McMonigle, R. 14 ; Miller, E. H. 1 ; Mizrachi, E. 41 ; Monte, A. 9 ; Monzani, M. E. 42 ; Morales Mendoza, J. D. 1 ; Morrison, E. 20 ; Mount, B. J. 43 ; Murdy, M. 29 ; Murphy, A. St. J. 13 ; Naylor, A. 36 ; Nelson, H. N. 9 ; Neves, F. 16 ; Nguyen, A. 13 ; Nikoleyczik, J. A. 11 ; Olcina, I. 12 ; Oliver-Mallory, K. C. 4 ; Orpwood, J. 36 ; Palladino, K. J. 24 ; Palmer, J. 19 ; Pannifer, N. J. 26 ; Parveen, N. 14 ; Patton, S. J. 10 ; Penning, B. 8 ; Pereira, G. 16 ; Perry, E. 2 ; Pershing, T. 39 ; Piepke, A. 31 ; Qie, Y. 21   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Reichenbacher, J. 20 ; Rhyne, C. A. 7 ; Riffard, Q. 10 ; Rischbieter, G. R. C. 8 ; Riyat, H. S. 13 ; Rosero, R. 28 ; Rushton, T. 36 ; Rynders, D. 22 ; Santone, D. 19 ; Sazzad, A. B. M. R. 31 ; Schnee, R. W. 20 ; Shaw, S. 13 ; Shutt, T. 1 ; Silk, J. J. 5 ; Silva, C. 16 ; Sinev, G. 20 ; Siniscalco, J. 2 ; Smith, R. 12 ; Solovov, V. N. 16 ; Sorensen, P. 10 ; Soria, J. 12 ; Stancu, I. 31 ; Stevens, A. 44 ; Stifter, K. 45 ; Suerfu, B. 12 ; Sumner, T. J. 4 ; Szydagis, M. 14 ; Taylor, W. C. 7 ; Tiedt, D. R. 22 ; Timalsina, M. 46 ; Tong, Z. 4 ; Tovey, D. R. 36 ; Tranter, J. 36 ; Trask, M. 9 ; Tripathi, M. 15 ; Tronstad, D. R. 20 ; Vacheret, A. 4 ; Vaitkus, A. C. 7 ; Valentino, O. 4 ; Velan, V. 10 ; Wang, A. 1 ; Wang, J. J. 31 ; Wang, Y. 12 ; Watson, J. R. 12 ; Webb, R. C. 47 ; Weeldreyer, L. 31 ; Whitis, T. J. 9 ; Williams, M. 30 ; Wisniewski, W. J. 38 ; Wolfs, F. L. H. 21 ; Woodford, S. 17 ; Woodward, D. 35 ; Wright, C. J. 26 ; Xia, Q. 10 ; Xiang, X. 48 ; Xu, J. 39 ; Yeh, M. 28 ; Zweig, E. A. 33 

 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA (GRID:grid.445003.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 7771); Stanford University, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:0000000419368956) 
 University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London, UK (GRID:grid.83440.3b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2190 1201) 
 University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, USA (GRID:grid.133342.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9676); Randall Laboratory of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (GRID:grid.214458.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7347) 
 Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Physics Department, London, UK (GRID:grid.7445.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2113 8111) 
 University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, USA (GRID:grid.164295.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 0941 7177) 
 STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot, UK (GRID:grid.76978.37) (ISNI:0000 0001 2296 6998) 
 Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, USA (GRID:grid.40263.33) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9094) 
 Randall Laboratory of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (GRID:grid.214458.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7347); University of Zurich, Department of Physics, Zurich, Switzerland (GRID:grid.7400.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0650) 
 University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, USA (GRID:grid.133342.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9676) 
10  Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, USA (GRID:grid.184769.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2231 4551) 
11  University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, USA (GRID:grid.14003.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2167 3675) 
12  Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, USA (GRID:grid.184769.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2231 4551); University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, USA (GRID:grid.47840.3f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2181 7878) 
13  University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh, UK (GRID:grid.4305.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7988) 
14  University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, USA (GRID:grid.265850.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2151 7947) 
15  University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, USA (GRID:grid.27860.3b) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9684) 
16  University of Coimbra, Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), Coimbra, Portugal (GRID:grid.8051.c) (ISNI:0000 0000 9511 4342) 
17  University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, UK (GRID:grid.10025.36) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8470) 
18  Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 4281) 
19  Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham, UK (GRID:grid.4970.a) (ISNI:0000 0001 2188 881X) 
20  South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, USA (GRID:grid.263790.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 0704 1727) 
21  University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, USA (GRID:grid.16416.34) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9174) 
22  Sanford Underground Research Facility, South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Lead, USA (GRID:grid.511018.c) 
23  Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, USA (GRID:grid.16753.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2299 3507); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, USA (GRID:grid.417851.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0675 0679) 
24  University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford, UK (GRID:grid.4991.5) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 8948) 
25  King’s College London, Department of Physics, London, UK (GRID:grid.13097.3c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2322 6764) 
26  University of Bristol, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, UK (GRID:grid.5337.2) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7603) 
27  The University of Sydney, School of Physics, Sydney, Australia (GRID:grid.1013.3) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 834X) 
28  Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, USA (GRID:grid.202665.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2188 4229) 
29  University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, USA (GRID:grid.266683.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2166 5835) 
30  Randall Laboratory of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (GRID:grid.214458.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7347) 
31  University of Alabama, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, USA (GRID:grid.411015.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 0727 7545) 
32  University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London, UK (GRID:grid.83440.3b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2190 1201); The University of Melbourne, School of Physics, Melbourne, Australia (GRID:grid.1008.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 2179 088X) 
33  University of Califonia, Los Angeles, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Los Angeles, USA (GRID:grid.19006.3e) (ISNI:0000 0001 2167 8097) 
34  IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Daejeon, South Korea (GRID:grid.410720.0) (ISNI:0000 0004 1784 4496) 
35  Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, USA (GRID:grid.184769.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2231 4551); Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 4281) 
36  University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, UK (GRID:grid.11835.3e) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9262) 
37  Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, USA (GRID:grid.184769.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2231 4551); University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, Austin, USA (GRID:grid.89336.37) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9924) 
38  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA (GRID:grid.445003.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 7771) 
39  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, USA (GRID:grid.250008.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2160 9702) 
40  Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, USA (GRID:grid.16753.36) (ISNI:0000 0001 2299 3507) 
41  University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, USA (GRID:grid.164295.d) (ISNI:0000 0001 0941 7177); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, USA (GRID:grid.250008.f) (ISNI:0000 0001 2160 9702) 
42  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA (GRID:grid.445003.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0725 7771); Stanford University, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford, USA (GRID:grid.168010.e) (ISNI:0000000419368956); Vatican Observatory, Vatican City, Italy (GRID:grid.440572.0) (ISNI:0000 0001 2262 1033) 
43  Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, USA (GRID:grid.253147.6) (ISNI:0000 0000 9695 4052) 
44  University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London, UK (GRID:grid.83440.3b) (ISNI:0000 0001 2190 1201); Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Physics Department, London, UK (GRID:grid.7445.2) (ISNI:0000 0001 2113 8111) 
45  Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, USA (GRID:grid.417851.e) (ISNI:0000 0001 0675 0679) 
46  Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, USA (GRID:grid.184769.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2231 4551); South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, USA (GRID:grid.263790.9) (ISNI:0000 0001 0704 1727) 
47  Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, USA (GRID:grid.264756.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 4687 2082) 
48  Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, USA (GRID:grid.40263.33) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 9094); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, USA (GRID:grid.202665.5) (ISNI:0000 0001 2188 4229) 
Pages
292
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
e-ISSN
23993650
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3099208561
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.