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Abstract
Indonesia has some of the highest avian biodiversity and endemism in the world. It is also a world capital for bird-keeping, which is a significant part of the national economy and a pillar of identity for millions of its people. Bird singing contests in particular are a national pastime, with roots in bird-keeping traditions that go back centuries. Since the 1970s, however, they have become so popular that one in three households in Java has a pet songbird. That amounts to an estimated 70 million caged birds across 12 million homes. These contests also fuel a multibillion dollar songbird trade, and because most competition birds still come from the wild, they’re contributing to the extinction of 43 species across Southeast Asia already facing threats from climate change, habitat loss, and land-use change.
Research and the media have largely portrayed those involved in Indonesia’s songbird trade as villains in a tragedy of natural history, which creates local backlash and undermines conservation. In response, our multinational research team spent nearly a year living alongside Indonesian bird-keepers and documenting their stories in the Special Region of Yogyakarta near Central Java. Working in what is arguably the center of the bird-keeping world, the team amassed a collection of over 10,000 photographs, 1,500 audio recordings, and dozens of in-depth interviews. These media revealed how people in Indonesia’s songbird trade balance culture and nature, and align conservation perspectives in Indonesia with the rest of the world. We also used these media materials to co-create and teach a conservation education program about songbirds with the Indonesian public school system. The curriculum inspired significant changes in our students’ environmental attitudes and behaviors, without any influence from actual knowledge. Our results call for more women to participate in science, support science teachers as agents of change for the environment, and advocate for conservation that is accessible across socio-economic divides.
For the final phase of this project, our team transformed our data into a multimedia exhibit that has toured between Indonesia and the United States. The exhibit hosts focus groups for bird-keepers and conservation scientists, film screenings, and academic lectures. Taken together, the pieces of this project foster dialogue, compromise, curiosity, and collaboration between communities who love songbirds in very different ways, at a time when such alliances are more important than ever. Bird-keeping currently threatens wild bird populations in at least 26 countries around the world. By sharing these stories with a global audience, we hope to highlight Indonesia as a source of solutions to an increasingly global conservation concern, and plant the seeds of conservation in common ground. In time, we look forward to expanding these methods to projects to other topics and parts of the world, making conservation inclusive through creativity.






