Content area
Full text
Abstract: This study presents the development and improvement of an educational game aimed at enhancing elementary students' understanding of vertebrate classification. The original version used a dichotomous key to help classify five groups of vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Initial implementation showed promising results, with average post-test scores exceeding 80% and high student satisfaction. However, limitations were found, such as excessive reliance on chance through dice-rolling, limited strategic options, and lengthy gameplay that reduced engagement, especially in the later stages. In response to these limitations, the game was redesigned to encourage visual observation, reasoning, and strategic decision-making. Players must now analyze animal traits, justify their choices, and select cards that match the game's objectives. The development process involved collaboration with experts including university lecturers, science teachers, game designers, and students aged 10-13. Data were collected through classroom observation and informal interviews and used to refine the game across multiple iterations. The revised game promoted higher student engagement, critical thinking, and strategy through trial and error. Mistakes made during gameplay helped students remember animal traits more accurately and improve in later rounds. While the game supported advanced thinking skills, some areas still needed improvement. Experts suggested simplifying the scoring system, improving the clarity of animal images, and enhancing the game's replayability. Some experts recommended immediate revision, while others believed students would adapt through repeated play and become more familiar with the game.
Keywords: Vertebrates, Educational games, Game-Based learning, Iterative design, Observation and analysis
1. Introduction
Educational games are learning tools specifically designed to teach certain skills or concepts. They are often linked to curriculum standards to support formal learning objectives. Although educational games have attracted academic interest since the 1970s, there is no clear evidence that they are more effective than traditional teaching methods (Engström, 2020). However, game-based learning offers many advantages. It increases student motivation and engagement through interactive and enjoyable experiences (Qian & Clark, 2016). When students actively participate in gameplay, learning becomes more meaningful and less monotonous. This positive engagement also encourages students to explore complex topics with greater interest and confidence (Dichev & Dicheva, 2017). The combination of fun, challenge, and competition in educational games can stimulate curiosity, improve memory, and support deeper understanding of concepts (Kapp, 2012).
In...