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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.

Abstract

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition with a complex pathophysiology involving neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and disruptions in neuronal and glial cell function. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, release inflammatory cytokines in response to pathological changes associated with MDD. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) act as alarms, triggering microglial activation and subsequent inflammatory cytokine release. This review examines the cellular mechanisms underlying MDD pathophysiology, focusing on the lipid-mediated modulation of neuroinflammation. We explore the intricate roles of microglia and astrocytes in propagating inflammatory cascades and discuss how these processes affect neuronal integrity at the cellular level. Central to our analysis are three key molecules: High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and S100 Calcium Binding Protein β (S100β) as alarmins, and Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) as an indicator of neuronal stress. We present evidence from in vitro and ex vivo studies demonstrating how these molecules reflect and contribute to the neuroinflammatory milieu characteristic of MDD. The review then explores the potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) as neuroinflammation modulators, examining their effects on microglial activation, cytokine production, and neuronal resilience in cellular models of depression. We critically analyze experimental data on how ω-3 PUFA supplementation influences the expression and release of HMGB1, S100β, and NSE in neuronal and glial cultures. By integrating findings from lipidomic and cellular neurobiology, this review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which ω-3 PUFAs may exert their antidepressant effects through modulation of neuroinflammatory markers. These insights contribute to our understanding of lipid-mediated neuroprotection in MDD and may inform the development of targeted, lipid-based therapies for both depression and neurodegenerative disorders.

Details

Title
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Neuroinflammation in Depression: Targeting Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Neural Biomarkers
Author
Ikbal Andrian Malau 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Jane Pei-Chen Chang 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Yi-Wen, Lin 3 ; Cheng-Chen, Chang 4   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Wei-Che, Chiu 5   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Kuan-Pin Su 6   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; [email protected] (I.A.M.); [email protected] (J.P.-C.C.); Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan 
 Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; [email protected] (I.A.M.); [email protected] (J.P.-C.C.); Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Child Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan 
 Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science and Chinese Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; [email protected] 
 Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; [email protected]; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan 
 Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; [email protected]; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 242, Taiwan 
 Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; [email protected] (I.A.M.); [email protected] (J.P.-C.C.); Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan 
First page
1791
Publication year
2024
Publication date
2024
Publisher
MDPI AG
e-ISSN
20734409
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
ProQuest document ID
3125993361
Copyright
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.