Physical and psychological impact of HIV/AIDS toward youths in Southwest Ethiopia: a phenomenological study

Abstract

Background

Youths with HIV/AIDS encounter a variety of unique challenges that impact their physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being. These challenges and experiences differ across settings, populations, cultures, and the broader socio-economic and political contexts. This study focuses on exploring the life challenges, experiences, and coping mechanisms of youths living with HIV/AIDS in public hospital facilities in southwest Ethiopia.

Methods and study approach

The study was conducted in two regional states of Ethiopia. Using a phenomenological study approach, researchers focused on purposefully selected youths living with HIV/AIDS in public hospital facilities. Data were gathered through life history and in-depth interview techniques, delving deeply into the participants’ lived experiences and feelings about the challenges of living with HIV/AIDS. The study population consisted of youths with HIV/AIDS who were currently using antiretroviral medication in two selected public hospitals. A total of 12 participants were employed and completed the study.

Results

The findings indicated that youths with HIV/AIDS face complex life challenges, influenced by psychological, emotional, and social factors. These intertwined challenges impact their self-management, treatment adherence, and ability to create and maintain healthy social relationships and roles. Many youths avoid social interactions and do not seek the necessary social support, believing they are unworthy of respect and care. Consequently, they may live in despair and constant fear of rejection, lacking the social support they desperately need. Substance abuse is prevalent among these youths due to the psychosocial, biological, emotional, and material aspects of their experiences.