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As a critical component of beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication systems, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (uRLLC) imposes stringent requirements on latency and reliability. In recent years, with the improvement of mobile communication network, centralized and distributed processing schemes for cellfree massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) have attracted significant research attention. This paper investigates the performance of a novel scalable cell-free radio access network (CF-RAN) architecture featuring multiple edge distributed units (EDUs) under the finite block length regime. Closed expressions for the upper and lower bounds of its expected spectral efficiency (SE) performance are derived, where centralized and fully distributed deployment can be treated as two special cases, respectively. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of user equipments (UEs) and remote radio units (RRUs) is examined and the analysis reveals that the interleaving RRUs deployment associated with the EDU can enhance SE performance under finite block length constraints with specific transmission error probability. The paper also compares Monte Carlo simulation results with multi-RRU clustering-based collaborative processing, validating the accuracy of the space-time exchange theory in the scalable CF-RAN scenario. By deploying scalable EDUs, a practical trade-off between latency and reliability can be achieved through spatial degree-of-freedom (DoF), offering a distributed and scalable realization of the space-time exchange theory.