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Abstract
The present investigation aimed to assess the safety of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the oral carcinogenesis process induced by 4NQO, focusing on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Sixty-six Wistar rats received systemic 4NQO for 12 (n = 33) and 20 weeks (n = 33), divided into Control group, PBM 0.3 J, and PBM 1 J. Applications for PBM occurred three times a week. At weeks 12 and 20, the animals were euthanized. The immunoreactivity for anti-ROS1 and anti-p53 antibodies was also assessed. Statistical analysis was assessed by multiple t-tests, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman’s correlation. At 12 weeks, PBM 1 J group had nodular lesions, distinct from control and PBM 0.3 J groups (p = 0.005). At 20 weeks, nodular lesions were common in control and PBM 0.3 J groups. Histopathological characteristics did not significantly differ between groups at 12 (p = 0.30) and 20 weeks (p = 0.58). Epithelial dysplasia (n = 21) was common at 12 weeks. After 20 weeks, most of the cases revealed squamous cell carcinoma (n = 24). No differences were observed in the immunostaining of p53 and ROS1 among the control and experimental groups and there was no correlation of these proteins with clinicopathological data. During the carcinogenesis process, the PBM did not modify the development of oral lesions and the expression of proliferative and apoptosis proteins.
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1 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Oral Diagnosis Departament, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil (GRID:grid.411087.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0723 2494); Universidad de la República, Department of Diagnosis in Pathology and Oral Medicine, Molecular Pathology area, School of Dentistry, Montevideo, Uruguay (GRID:grid.11630.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 2165 7640)
2 Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Experimental Research Center, Porto Alegre, Brazil (GRID:grid.414449.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 0125 3761)
3 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departament of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil (GRID:grid.8532.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2200 7498)
4 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departament of Edodontics, School of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil (GRID:grid.8532.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2200 7498)
5 Universidade de São Paulo (FOUSP), Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil (GRID:grid.11899.38) (ISNI:0000 0004 1937 0722)
6 University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA (GRID:grid.214458.e) (ISNI:0000 0004 1936 7347)
7 Universidad de la República, Department of Diagnosis in Pathology and Oral Medicine, Molecular Pathology area, School of Dentistry, Montevideo, Uruguay (GRID:grid.11630.35) (ISNI:0000 0001 2165 7640)
8 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departament of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil (GRID:grid.8532.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2200 7498); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Oral Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil (GRID:grid.414449.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 0125 3761)
9 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil (GRID:grid.8532.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2200 7498)
10 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Oral Diagnosis Departament, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil (GRID:grid.411087.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0723 2494)
11 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Oral Diagnosis Departament, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil (GRID:grid.411087.b) (ISNI:0000 0001 0723 2494); Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departament of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, Brazil (GRID:grid.8532.c) (ISNI:0000 0001 2200 7498); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Oral Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil (GRID:grid.414449.8) (ISNI:0000 0001 0125 3761)