Physical activity indexed using table tennis skills modulates the neural dynamics of involuntary retrieval of negative memories

Abstract

Memory intrusion is a characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder manifesting as involuntary flashbacks of negative events. Interference of memory reconsolidation using cognitive tasks has been employed as a noninvasive therapy to prevent subsequent intrusive retrieval. The present study aims to test whether physical activity, with its cognitive demands and unique physiological effects, may provide a novel practice to reduce later involuntary retrieval via the reconsolidation mechanism. In addition, the study investigates the EEG representation of neural function in interpreting the interplay of intrusion and recognition. Eighty-seven participants were tested on successive sessions comprised encoding (Day 0), reconsolidation (24-hr) and priming retrieval (Day 7) in a between-subject design with random assignment to 3 different groups: whole-body exercise, sensorimotor engagement and sitting groups. Of the key results, when involuntary retrieval was subsequently triggered by relevant stimuli, reduced subjective recognition was observed, and working memory maintenance was shortened, indicated by shorter Negative Slow Wave duration. The study implicates the potential neurophysiological mechanism of cognitive and behavioral interventions, specifically those aimed at reducing intrusion frequency through the reconsolidation mechanism; these are proposed to facilitate accelerated recovery from involuntary memories.