Contingency Planning for Tourism Development in Volcanic Disaster-Prone Areas in Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia is geologically recognized as a complex region due to its location at the convergence of the Eurasian, Pacific, and Indo-Australian tectonic plates, making it highly susceptible to geological hazards. Among these hazards, volcanic activity poses a significant threat, with 127 volcanoes identified as potential eruption hazards. Volcanic disasters often result in substantial loss of life and property. The natural beauty and allure of volcanic landscapes attract numerous tourists, leading to heavy concentrations of people in potentially dangerous areas. If tourism in these regions is not managed effectively, the risk of disasters may increase. Catastrophic volcanic eruptions, such as those at Lokon (1991), Semeru (2000), Bromo (2004), and Marapi (2023), have resulted in considerable casualties among tourists. This paper aims to provide essential considerations for tourism stakeholders in active volcanic regions to enhance safety and reduce fatalities associated with volcanic eruption hazards. It will explore the challenges and risks posed by tourism in these areas, emphasizing the need for comprehensive contingency planning. To safeguard tourists, future tourism development in areas prone to volcanic disasters must incorporate disaster risk assessments, early integration of volcanic hazard maps into tourist site designs, adherence to technical guidance from volcanological institutions, implementation of early warning systems, and regular dissemination of volcanic hazard mitigation measures.