Comparison of the spatial and temporal distribution of cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis in the state of Rio de Janeiro between 2001 and 2011

Abstract

Objective

To compare the spatio-temporal distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases with mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) cases in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) between 2001 and 2011.

Method

The incidence rates (IR) of CL and ML were calculated for the cases notified between 2001–2011 in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases for Rio de Janeiro (RJ, and for the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro and Angra dos Reis, with georeferencing and construction of thematic maps. A negative binomial regression model was used to assess the temporal dependency between CL and ML.

Results

Higher IR of CL and ML were observed up to 2006. The cases of CL and ML increased annually concomitantly in the state of RJ and in Angra dos Reis, even when they were controlled by the CL rates of the previous year. The municipality of Rio de Janeiro presented smaller annual CL IR after the occurrence of high ML IR in the two previous years.

Conclusion

The temporal association observed between CL and ML suggests that: either the mucosal lesions were already incipient from the beginning of CL manifestation, or the Leishmania species circulating in RJ is able to produce early mucosal lesions.