Content area

Abstract

The OFDM system is popular due to its broadband capabilities, but because it employs the multicarrier concept, synchronization issues may arise. These errors are caused by the incompatibility of the transmitted and received signals. The performance of multiple relay cooperative systems is assessed in this study using receiver compensation and estimation of multicarrier frequency offsets (MCFOs) and multiple timing offsets (MTOs). To demonstrate improved bit error rate (BER) performance, MCFOs and MTOs should be treated with less computational complexity. At the receiver end, the maximum likelihood (ML) approach is used to decode data and estimate offsets. The ML approach estimates using the ECM and SAGE algorithms. In terms of BER and SNR after estimation, the SAGE algorithm outperforms the ECM approach. A performance analysis of the estimated time and carrier frequency offsets was performed using the ECM and SAGE algorithms. Furthermore, the statistical percentage difference demonstrates that the maximum probability strategy for compensating the CFO and TO is effective. The statistical percentage difference underscores the effectiveness of compensating CFO and TO through ECM and SAGE algorithm within the maximum likelihood framework.

Details

1009240
Title
Estimating time and frequency under imperfect channel knowledge using ECM and SAGE algorithms in multi-relay cooperative networks
Volume
2025
Issue
1
Pages
1
Publication year
2025
Publication date
Dec 2025
Publisher
Springer Nature B.V.
Place of publication
New York
Country of publication
Netherlands
ISSN
16871472
e-ISSN
16871499
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
Document type
Journal Article
Publication history
 
 
Online publication date
2025-01-03
Milestone dates
2024-11-19 (Registration); 2023-01-13 (Received); 2024-11-16 (Accepted)
Publication history
 
 
   First posting date
03 Jan 2025
ProQuest document ID
3151295877
Document URL
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/estimating-time-frequency-under-imperfect-channel/docview/3151295877/se-2?accountid=208611
Copyright
Copyright Springer Nature B.V. Dec 2025
Last updated
2025-04-01
Database
ProQuest One Academic