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Introduction
The significant emphasis on advancements in the synthesis of nanomaterials, nanoparticles, nanocolloids, nanoemulsion and many more in the field of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology opens up new possibilities for creating innovative technologies for the benefit of mankind [1]. Nanoparticles are synthesized by using various metallic ions, including silver, gold, zinc, copper etc. [2, 3]. The characteristic properties of nanoparticles are determined by the choice of metal ions. The ability of silver nanoparticles to successfully prevent the growth of microbes including bacteria, fungi, and viruses is of great interest to scientists [4]. The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles is attributed to release of Ag+ ions, large surface area and their small size which can interfere with microbial cell structure and functions. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles can be done through physical, chemical and biological methods [5]. Biological methods using plant sources or microorganisms have advantages over chemical methods. They are cost- effective, environmentally friendly, does not require complex methods and are easy to handle [6]. In biological synthesis, phytocompounds of plant extract contribute to the reduction process. Enzymes, proteins and secondary metabolites present in plants act as a reducing agent that facilitate the reduction and stabilization of silver ions during the formation of silver nanoparticles.
Solanum virginianum which belongs to family of solanaceae, it is a gorse herb, yellow fruit nightshade is a common name for S. virginianum, in foklore and ayurveda it is mostly used as a medicine. S. virginianum plants are cultivated in Australia, Himalayas, Asia. In India, it is widely distributed near the agricultural lands. S. virginianum aids in the management of asthma symptoms and provides relief from shortness of breath and in the treatment of dyspepsia. Solanum virginianum acts as an antibiotic and reduces plaque and eliminates bacteria responsible for plaque formation. Plaque generates toxins that irritate gum, leading to inflammation, bleeding, and swelling. Solanum virginianum fruit also promotes the reattachment of gums to teeth, contributing to their strength and overall health. The fruits of S. virginianum are burnt into ashes and applied to teeth to treat dental caries. Seed extract is used for controlling the infections caused by oral pathogens. Solvent extract of Solanum are reported to exhibit antibacterial activity in periodontal pathogens. The potential medicinal properties of S. virginianum