Content area
Full text
1. Introduction
Risk management has always been a critical concept within the Supply Chain (SC). Companies implement SC Risk Management (SCRM) approaches to secure their SC, ensure the continuity of their activities and reduce their vulnerability to risks. SCRM is a multi-step process consisting of identifying the potential risk sources, defining the risk concept, identifying the risk drivers and finally, Risk Mitigation (RMTG) (Ferguson and Drake, 2021; Vishnu et al., 2019). One of the applied techniques in risk management is Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), broadly used to identify and eliminate possible failures within a process or system before their occurrence (Shahin et al., 2020; Shaker et al., 2019). It is a structured approach to prioritize failure modes based on an indicator named Risk Priority Number (RPN), calculated by multiplying three risk factors, that is Occurrence (O), Severity (S) and Detection (D) of the failures (Cho and Chae, 2022; Shaker et al., 2022; Reda and Dvivedi, 2022; Liu, 2019; Huang et al., 2022).
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a customer-oriented approach to transforming customer needs and expectations into technical requirements (Cho and Chae, 2022). The House of Quality (HoQ) translates the customer requirements (WHATs) to the technical features (HOWs) to prioritize essential resources that describe how an organization meets customer requirements (Hammid et al., 2022; Reda and Dvivedi, 2022). Moreover, benchmarking is a team-based approach for continuous quality improvement and enhancing the performance and profitability of organizations. It is a systematic and continued process of identifying the best practices for products, services or processes and making improvements necessary to achieve them (Hatami-Marbini, 2019; Hutton and Zairi, 1994).
Despite its potential benefits in a wide range of situations, SC RMTG (SCRMTG) approaches have received scant attention on the subject of SCRM in the business environment (Saglam et al., 2020). Asrol et al. (2021) developed a new framework to identify SC risks and defined MTG to improve performance based on a SC Operation Reference (SCOR) and Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Findings showed that the upstream of the SC had to bear major risks while the downstream faced minor ones. Yu and Shahbaz et al. (2020) identified three types of risks, namely,...