Abstract

Global climate change and landform alteration are correlated with a high impact on rainfall, land surface temperature (LST), vegetation conditions, and soil moisture. This study examines rainfall, temperature, vegetation condition, moisture, and drought index to identify the decadal change from 2002 to 2021 using Landsat and global Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index-base (SPEIbase) data in Google Earth Engine (GEE). In between 20 years, 50.54 mm of mean rainfall decreased in the study area while 6.31 °C of LST increased in the entire region. The most affected states are Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. Similarly, in northeast India, Assam, Tripura, and Meghalaya have huge effects on temperature variation. The green space (0.158), and moisture (−0.082) fluctuated mainly in Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Tripura states. The SPEI has increased (−0.232) in Bihar, Manipur, Tripura, Assam, and Meghalaya. The analysis observed that decreased rainfall and high-temperature variation may impact crop production, moisture loss, cyclonic affected in West Bengal coastal areas, floods in the Brahmaputra River basin and Bihar, droughts, and urban heat island-related effects. Some policies like reduction of forest fire (northeast), flood (Assam), urban planning (West Bengal, Bihar, and Assam), industrial pollution, and jhum cultivation decrease can improve the climate change in those states, India.

Details

Title
Long-term climate change analysis in northeast and eastern India
Author
Halder, Bijay 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Yaseen, Zaher Mundher 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

1  Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, Iraq 
2  Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia 
Publication year
2024
Publication date
Dec 2024
Publisher
Taylor & Francis Ltd.
ISSN
19475705
e-ISSN
19475713
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2024.2409206
ProQuest document ID
3158424752
Copyright
© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.