Content area
The amplitude of beta-band activity (β power; 13-30 Hz) over motor cortical regions is used to assess and decode movement in clinical settings and brain-computer interfaces, as β power is often assumed to predict the strength of the brain′s motor output, or ″vigor″. However, recent conflicting evidence challenges this assumption and underscores the need to clarify the relationship between β power and movement. In this study, sixty participants were trained to self-regulate β power using electroencephalography-based neurofeedback before performing different motor tasks. Results showed that β power modulations can impact different motor variables, or the same variables in opposite directions, depending on task constraints. Importantly, downregulation of β power was associated with better task performance regardless of whether performance implied increasing or decreasing motor vigor. These findings demonstrate that β power should be interpreted as a measure of motor flexibility, which underlies adaptation to environmental constraints, rather than vigor.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
Footnotes
* Abstract, results and discussion have been modified for clarifications, especially regarding some technical terms that are used and the impact of neurofeedback on motor variables (additional information about the dissociation of beta power and neurofeedback instruction in mixed models and interpretations in the discussion)