Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Among Hospitalized Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Italy: The Basis for a National Screening Assessment Model?

Abstract

Free-of-charge hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV Ab) screening in some key populations and in 1969–1989 birth cohorts have been funded in Italy as the first step in confirming diagnosis in individuals who may be unaware of their infection. The purpose of this study is to leverage existing in-hospital routine screening data to better understand the distribution of HCV. A retrospective study of hospitalized patients (PTs) tested for HCV Ab for 5 years (from January 2017 to December 2022) in San Raffaele hospital was conducted according to age categories: birth year group before 1947 (patients older than 76 years old), birth year group 1947–1968, birth year group 1969–1989, and two other groups with birth year groups 1990–2000 and 2001–2022 (with patients younger than 33 years old) using the TriNetX platform. Among the 42,805 in-hospital PTs tested, 1297 (3.03%) were HCV Ab positive. The prevalence of HCV Ab was greater in PTs over the age of 76 (5.3%), whereas it was lower in the youngest birth year cohort (2000–2022, 0.16%). Among 1297 HCV Ab positive PTs, only 198 (15.3%) were tested for the presence of HCV RNA. The birth cohort 1969–1989 had a modest seroprevalence (1.5%), yet they were the most affected age group, with 44.4% being HCV RNA positive. The in-hospital HCV screening including birth year cohort 1947–1989 could be a more valuable option compared to the screening for birth year group 1969–1989 in the general population.