Strategies for Reducing Brain Drain to Sustain Quality Higher Education in Nigeria

Abstract

Brain drain poses a substantial challenge to Nigerian higher education, impacting faculty retention and educational standards. Guided by SET and PPFT theories, this basic qualitative study explored administrative strategies to mitigate brain drain. Ten people, including deans and faculty members, participated in virtual interviews for the study. The data analysis used open coding, which found 303 code segments. These were grouped into 12 subthemes and then combined into five main themes: institutional responses to migration, drivers of brain drain, administrative and structural challenges, effective retention strategies, and leadership roles and strategies. Key findings highlighted diverse institutional responses, emphasizing recruitment improvements, competitive compensation, and international partnerships. Economic factors, inadequate working conditions, and limited professional growth opportunities emerged as primary factors driving faculty migration. Participants stressed the critical need for competitive salaries, improved working conditions, and better career prospects to retain faculty. The study also identified significant administrative hurdles, such as chronic underfunding and bureaucratic obstacles, that impede effective leadership strategies. Effective retention strategies, including incentives, supportive work environments, and professional development opportunities, are crucial for mitigating brain drain. Similarly, leadership support was significant, highlighting the importance of having a clear strategy and open communication. This study proposes a framework for addressing brain drain in Nigerian higher education through administrative reforms, institutional enhancements, leadership development, and effective retention strategies. It underscores the urgency of policies promoting inclusive and supportive educational environments. Further research is recommended to deepen understanding and evaluate interventions aimed at sustaining quality higher education in Nigeria.