Content area
Abstract
The global 3‐dimensional structure of the concentric traveling ionospheric disturbances (CTIDs) triggered by 2022 Tonga volcano was reconstructed by using the 3‐dimensional computerized ionospheric tomography (3DCIT) technique and extensive global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations. This study provides the first estimation of the CTIDs vertical wavelengths, ∼736 km, which was much larger than the gravity wave (GW) vertical wavelength, 240–400 km, estimated using ICON neutral wind observations. Notable trend with the variation of azimuth was also found in horizontal speeds at 200 and 500 km altitudes and differences between them. These results imply that (a) the global propagation of Lamb waves determined the arrival time of local ionospheric disturbances, and (b) the arriving Lamb waves caused vertical atmospheric perturbations that are not typical of GWs, resulting in local thermospheric horizontal wave propagation which is faster than the Lamb wave propagation at lower altitudes.
Details
Lower atmosphere;
Altitude;
Azimuth;
Wave propagation;
Navigation;
Volcanic eruptions;
Acoustic waves;
Gravity waves;
Propagation;
Wavelength;
Traveling ionospheric disturbances;
Volcanoes;
Satellite observation;
Wavelengths;
Wind observation;
Satellites;
Lamb waves;
Global navigation satellite system;
Wind;
Waves;
Navigation satellites;
Sound waves;
Navigation systems;
Ionospheric electron content;
Volcanic activity;
Navigational satellites;
Atmospheric waves
; Zhang, Shun‐Rong 2
; Yao, Yibin 3
; Dong, Wenjun 4
; Aa, Ercha 2
; Kong, Jian 5
; Yue, Dongjie 1 ; Chen, Yutian 1 ; Peng, Wenjie 3
; Yu, Tingting 6
1 School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
2 Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Westford, MA, USA
3 School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
4 Department of Physical Sciences, Center for Space and Atmospheric Research (CSAR), Embry‐Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, USA, Global Atmospheric Technologies and Sciences (GATS), Boulder, CO, USA
5 Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
6 Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China