Abstract
[5] In U937 and THP-1 acute myeloid leukemia cells, alcoholic extracts of Leonurus japonicus (ethanol concentration: 99.0%, extraction yield: 16.7%) repressed PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and also triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated apoptosis to present obvious cytotoxicity. [7] Quercetin inhibited P38/MAPK phosphorylation, and markedly upregulated cell cycle inhibitors such as P16 and P21, thereby inducing selective apoptosis against breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The upregulation of acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) stimulated Fe3+ metabolism, leading to enlargement of the labile iron pool, eventually resulting in cell death [Figure 1]. Quercetin suppresses twist to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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