Abstract
Highlights
A soft, untethered electronic robot that integrates magnetically responsive engineered composites, enabling reversible programming and a diverse range of motions and shapes.
Seamless integration of a meticulously designed soft/flexible electronic system with the magnetic soft robot guarantees the stable and accurate execution of multi-modal electrical functions while preserving the integrity of its mechanical movement.
The comprehensive demonstration illustrates the feasibility of the untethered, integrated magnetic soft robot, highlighting its stable operation, adaptability, and ability to perform complex tasks under diverse conditions.
Soft robots have partially or entirely provided versatile opportunities for issues or roles that cannot be addressed by conventional machine robots, although most studies are limited to designs, controls, or physical/mechanical motions. Here, we present a transformable, reconfigurable robotic platform created by the integration of magnetically responsive soft composite matrices with deformable multifunctional electronics. Magnetic compounds engineered to undergo phase transition at a low temperature can readily achieve reversible magnetization and conduct various changes of motions and shapes. Thin and flexible electronic system designed with mechanical dynamics does not interfere with movements of the soft electronic robot, and the performances of wireless circuit, sensors, and devices are independent of a variety of activities, all of which are verified by theoretical studies. Demonstration of navigations and electronic operations in an artificial track highlights the potential of the integrated soft robot for on-demand, environments-responsive movements/metamorphoses, and optoelectrical detection and stimulation. Further improvements to a miniaturized, sophisticated system with material options enable in situ monitoring and treatment in envisioned areas such as biomedical implants.
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Details
1 Korea University, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.222754.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0840 2678)
2 Korea University, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.222754.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0840 2678); Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Semiconductor R&D Center, Hwaseong-Si, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.222754.4) (ISNI:0000 0004 6375 0810)
3 Korea University, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.222754.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0840 2678); SK Hynix, Icheon, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.507563.2)
4 The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, University Park, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0004 5907 5867)
5 The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, University Park, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0004 5907 5867); The Pennsylvania State University, Center for Neural Engineering, State College, University Park, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0004 5907 5867); The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Park, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0004 5907 5867)
6 Korea University, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.222754.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0840 2678); Hanwha Systems Co., Ltd., Seongnam-Si, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.222754.4)
7 The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, University Park, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0004 5907 5867); The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State College, University Park, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0004 5907 5867); The Pennsylvania State University, Materials Research Institute, State College, University Park, USA (GRID:grid.29857.31) (ISNI:0000 0001 2097 4281)
8 Korea University, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.222754.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0840 2678); Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.496416.8) (ISNI:0000 0004 5934 6655); Korea University, Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea (GRID:grid.222754.4) (ISNI:0000 0001 0840 2678)