Statistical batch-based bearing fault detection

Abstract

In the domain of rotating machinery, bearings are vulnerable to different mechanical faults, including ball, inner, and outer race faults. Various techniques can be used in condition-based monitoring, from classical signal analysis to deep learning methods in diagnosing these faults. Based on the complex working conditions of rotary machines, multivariate statistical process control charts such as Hotelling’s $T^2$ and Squared Prediction Error are useful for providing early warnings. However, these methods are rarely applied to condition monitoring of rotating machinery due to the univariate nature of the datasets. In the present paper, we propose a multivariate statistical process control-based fault detection method that utilizes multivariate data composed of Fourier transform features that are extracted for fixed-time batches. Our approach makes use of the multidimensional nature of Fourier transform characteristics, which record more detailed information about the machine’s status, in an effort to enhance early defect detection and diagnosis. Experiments with varying vibration measurement locations (Fan End, Drive End), fault types (ball, inner, and outer race faults), and motor loads (0–3 horsepower) are used to validate the suggested approach. The outcomes illustrate our method’s effectiveness in fault detection and point to possible wider uses in industrial maintenance.