Civic Education as a Pathway to Inclusive Societies: Exploring the role of education in fostering civic and social engagement

Abstract

Civic engagement is fundamental to an equitable and inclusive society, with active participation in democratic processes serving as a cornerstone for social cohesion. However, recent trends across OECD countries show a decline in civic participation, marked by diminishing electoral engagement, rising socioeconomic disparities in political involvement, and increasing distrust in public institutions. This paper investigates the vital role of civic education in addressing these challenges, exploring how civic education practices can influence citizens' participation, trust in government, and the representation of diverse groups. Despite the growing prioritisation of civic education across OECD systems, this paper identifies significant gaps in its implementation, including inconsistent regulation, lack of inclusion, and limited research on its effectiveness. Addressing these gaps is essential for ensuring that all students are equipped to participate meaningfully in a democratic society.