Abstract
Predictive biomarkers of response to therapy are fundamental for the personalized therapeutic management of patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The main predictive biomarkers related to CRC are the mismatch repair proteins/microsatellite instability status (MMR/MSI status), RAS/RAF mutation status and HER2 status. We discuss the scenarios in which these biomarkers are used and address different aspects that may affect the evaluation of each biomarker. We also address the increasingly recognized importance of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing in the management of stage II-III CRC as well as the role of the pathologist in this setting.
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