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Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases have become a pandemic public problem in the 21st century, causing enormous burden on the economy, health and quality of life of societies. The role of a chronic inflammatory state in the pathogenesis of chronic disease has been more comprehensively recognized by recent findings. The new paradigm ‘metaflammation’ focuses on metabolism-induced (high fat or fructose-based diet or excessive calorie intake) chronic inflammation. There is a close correlation between the increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic heart failure with both increased inflammatory marker levels and western-type diet. In this review we describe the concept of metaflammation, its role in the development of CKD and chronic heart disease, the molecular and signalling pathways involved and the therapeutic consequences.
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1 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
2 Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
3 Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
4 Dialysis Unit, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
5 Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
6 Nephrology Department, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, “Dr. C.I. Parhon” University Hospital, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
7 Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
8 Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
9 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey