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Abstract
The prevalence of pain has been reported to be >60–70% among patients with advanced and end-stage kidney disease. Although the underlying etiologies of pain may vary, pain per se has been linked to lower quality of life and depression. The latter is of great concern given its known association with reduced survival among patients with end-stage kidney disease. We herein discuss and update the management of pain in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without requirement for renal replacement therapy with the focus on optimizing pain control while minimizing therapy-induced complications.
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Details
1 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA
2 Division of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation, Ronald Reagan Medical Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
3 Department of Medicine, Veterans Administrations Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
4 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA
5 Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Audie L Murphy Memorial Veterans Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
6 Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Veterans Administration Nebraska–Western Iowa Healthcare System, Omaha, NE, USA