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Abstract

Deformation is one of the critical response quantities reflecting the structural safety of dams. To enhance outlier identification and denoising in dam deformation monitoring data, this study proposes a novel preprocessing method based on optimized Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). The approach systematically processes data in three steps: First, VMD decomposes raw data into intrinsic mode functions without recursion. The parallel Jaya algorithm is used to adaptively optimize VMD parameters for improved decomposition. Second, the intrinsic mode functions containing outlier and noise characteristics are identified and separated using sample entropy and correlation coefficients. Finally, KDE thresholds are applied for outlier localization, while a data superposition method ensures effective denoising. Validation using simulated deformation data and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)-based observed horizontal deformation from dam engineering demonstrates the method’s robustness in accurately identifying outliers and denoising data, achieving superior preprocessing performance.

Details

1009240
Title
Dam Deformation Data Preprocessing with Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition and Kernel Density Estimation
Author
Chen, Siyu 1   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Lin, Chaoning 2   VIAFID ORCID Logo  ; Gu, Yanchang 1 ; Sheng, Jinbao 1 ; Mohammad Amin Hariri-Ardebili 3   VIAFID ORCID Logo 

 Dam Safety Management Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; [email protected] (S.C.); ; Dam Safety Management Center of the Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing 210029, China 
 College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 
 Department of Civil, Environment, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; [email protected]; College of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA 
Publication title
Volume
17
Issue
4
First page
718
Publication year
2025
Publication date
2025
Publisher
MDPI AG
Place of publication
Basel
Country of publication
Switzerland
Publication subject
e-ISSN
20724292
Source type
Scholarly Journal
Language of publication
English
Document type
Journal Article
Publication history
 
 
Online publication date
2025-02-19
Milestone dates
2025-01-19 (Received); 2025-02-17 (Accepted)
Publication history
 
 
   First posting date
19 Feb 2025
ProQuest document ID
3171211824
Document URL
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/dam-deformation-data-preprocessing-with-optimized/docview/3171211824/se-2?accountid=208611
Copyright
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Last updated
2025-02-26
Database
ProQuest One Academic