Content area
This study examines the effects of online task planning conditions оп L2 learners' utterance fluency and self-perceived fluency among Chinese EFL learners. Ninety participants were randomly assigned to Pressured Online Planning (POP), Unpressured Online Planning (UOP), and Hybrid Online Planning (HOP) groups. Participants completed a narrative task based on a Mr. Bean video clip under their respective planning conditions. Utterance fluency was measured using temporal and linguistic indicators, while self-perceived fluency was assessed through CEFR self-assessment and an Analytic Fluency Perception Scale. Results indicate that the hybrid condition yielded significantly higher speech and articulation rates, with fewer disfluencies compared to other conditions (p < .001). Notably, self-perceived fluency did not consistently align with objective measures or rater evaluations, particularly in the pressured condition. The study reveals complex relationships between task planning conditions, objective fluency measures, and learners' self-perceptions, contributing to our understanding of L2 speech production processes and informing task-based language teaching practices.
Details
Learning Activities;
Literature Reviews;
Language Usage;
Language Research;
Teaching Methods;
Applied Linguistics;
Strategic Planning;
Language Acquisition;
English (Second Language);
Meta Analysis;
Speech;
Time;
Repetition;
Syntax;
Short Term Memory;
Accuracy;
Individual Differences;
Second Language Learning;
Comparative Analysis;
Cognitive Ability;
Educational Facilities Improvement;
Attention;
Resource Allocation;
English Learners
Accuracy;
Students;
Language acquisition;
Fluency;
English as a second language teaching methods;
Self concept;
English as a second language;
Self evaluation;
Speech production;
Cognitive load;
Strategic planning;
Chinese languages;
Cognition & reasoning;
Second language learning;
Learning outcomes;
Hypotheses;
Task-based language teaching;
Educational standards;
Speech perception;
English as a second language instruction;
English as a second language learning;
Measures;
Disfluencies;
Internet;
Speech;
Articulation;
Task based;
Planning;
Perceptions;
Video recordings
1 Department of English, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia