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Abstract: This work is the result of some research and documentation of the theoretical problems of statistics and its applications in the study of phenomena and processes in nature and society. Statistics has applications in the most diverse fields, such as: medicine, natural sciences, economics, politics, human behavior sciences, etc. Practically, in any field of human existence we witness operations of gathering, systematizing and interpreting information. That is why its role is very important. Therefore, this paper reviews some statistical methods that are used in social sciences. The focus is mainly on the applied aspect of the techniques and the author give insights about techniques that can be used to answer problems in the abovementioned areas of research.
The article focuses on detailed explanations in the presentation of the consequences of the application of statistical procedures in the social sciences.
Keywords: statistics; education; economics; psychology; political science.
JEL Classification: C15; 120; A12.
Introduction
Today we are dealing with statistics viewed as a resource, with statistics of sciences and fields of activity, in the sense that it has become omnipresent in every phase of our lives. Whether we like it or not, whether we are aware of it or not, we are dealing with statistical data, with the need for quantitative knowledge whenever the results of an experiment vary in an unforeseen or "random" manner ". A. Wald's prediction that "one day statistics will become as necessary for man as writing and reading" has become a reality.
Contemporary civilization cannot be imagined without numerical data because quantitative expression has become a necessity in all fields of knowledge. The practical needs related to the expression and transformation of social life determined the emergence and evolution of statistics.
Unlike the ancients who were satisfied with incomplete and occasional records and censuses made for administrative, military and financial purposes, nowadays we want permanent information in all fields.
Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of society", established in the 18th century. In addition to sociology, it now encompasses a wide array of academic disciplines, including anthropology, archaeology,...