Content area
Background/Objectives: Enterococcus is one of the major nosocomial pathogens. The present status of antimicrobial resistance determinants and virulence factors was analyzed for current Enterococcus causing infectious diseases in Bangladesh. Methods: Clinical isolates of Enterococcus recovered from various specimens in a tertiary care hospital were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was measured by a broth microdilution test, and resistance genes/virulence factors were detected by uniplex/multiplex PCR, along with sequencing analysis as required. The sequence type (ST) of E. faecalis and E. faecium was identified based on a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. Results: For a one-year period, a total of 143 isolates (135 E. faecalis, 7 E. faecium, and 1 E. hirae) were collected. Although all E. faecalis isolates were susceptible to penicillin, high resistance rates were noted against erythromycin (87%) and levofloxacin (62%). High-level resistance to gentamicin was detected in 30% of E. faecalis and 86% of E. faecium. Vancomycin resistance due to vanA was identified in one isolate each of E. faecalis (ST1912, CC116) and E. faecium (ST80, CC17). Three E. faecalis isolates (2.2%) with ST32 or ST1902 were resistant to linezolid, harboring optrA-fexA. Conclusions: The present study identifies the vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus harboring vanA from humans in Bangladesh and shows the potential spread of optrA in multiple lineages of E. faecalis.
Details
Urogenital system;
Antibiotic resistance;
Pathogens;
Sequence analysis;
Virulence factors;
Nosocomial infection;
Infectious diseases;
Erythromycin;
Antimicrobial resistance;
Vancomycin;
Antibiotics;
Penicillin;
Genes;
Virulence;
Levofloxacin;
Drug resistance;
Gentamicin;
Plasmids;
Nosocomial infections;
Antimicrobial agents;
High resistance;
Linezolid;
Streptococcus infections;
Multilocus sequence typing;
Enzymes;
Enterococcus
; Paul, Shyamal Kumar 3 ; Md Nazmul Alam Khan 4 ; Nasreen, Syeda Anjuman 1 ; Muhammad Saiful Hasan 1 ; Haque, Nazia 1 ; Barman, Tridip Kanti 5 ; Khanam, Jobyda 1 ; Fardousi Akter Sathi 1
; Shashwata, Paul 1 ; Mohammad Ibrahim Ali 6 ; Kobayashi, Nobumichi 2
1 Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh;
2 Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
3 Netrokona Medical College, Netrokona 2400, Bangladesh;
4 Department of Radiology and Imaging, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh;
5 Department of Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh;
6 Department of Urology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh;