Headnote
ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the challenges of environmental management and education faced in the state of Pará, with the aim of identifying strategies and practices that can promote sustainable development, considering the geographic, socioeconomic, and cultural specificities of the region.
Theoretical Framework: The research is based on concepts related to environmental management and environmental education, highlighting the contributions of Jacobi (2013), Loureiro (2014), and Neto et al. (2019). The Brazilian legal framework is also explored, including the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the National Policy for Environmental Education (Law No. 9,795/1999).
Method: The methodology adopted was a qualitative and descriptive approach, based on bibliographic research. Data collection was carried out through consultations and analyses of books, periodicals, specialized magazines and online sources, seeking an in-depth understanding of the challenges and potential solutions for environmental management and education in Pará.
Results and Discussion: The results revealed that environmental management and education in Pará face challenges such as illegal deforestation, lack of public awareness, absence of integrated and effective public policies, and lack of financial resources and infrastructure. The discussion contextualizes these challenges with the theoretical framework, highlighting the need for coordinated actions between government, society and the productive sector.
Research Implications: The implications of this research cover the areas of environmental management and education, with emphasis on the promotion of public policies aimed at sustainability, strengthening environmental governance and expanding educational programs. Such measures can positively impact environmental preservation and sustainable economic development in the state of Para.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by addressing the specific challenges faced by environmental management and education in one of the regions richest in biodiversity in the world. Its relevance lies in proposing an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to address socio-environmental problems in Pará, promoting sustainable practices and greater social awareness.
Keywords: Environmental Management, Environmental Education, Sustainable Development, Para.
RESUMO
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo € analisar os desafios da gestão e educação ambiental enfrentados no estado do Pará, com o intuito de identificar estratégias e práticas que possam promover o desenvolvimento sustentável, considerando as especificidades geográficas, socioeconómicas e culturais da região.
Referencial Teórico: A pesquisa fundamenta-se em conceitos relacionados a gestão ambiental e educação ambiental, destacando-se as contribuições de Jacobi (2013), Loureiro (2014), e Neto ef al. (2019). Também é explorado o arcabouço legal brasileiro, incluindo a Constituição Federal de 1988 e a Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental (Lei nº 9.795/1999).
Método: A metodologia adotada foi uma abordagem qualitativa е descritiva, baseada em pesquisa bibliografica. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de consultas e análises em livros, periódicos, revistas especializadas e fontes online, buscando uma compreensão aprofundada dos desafios e potenciais soluções para a gestão e educação ambiental no Pará.
Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados revelaram que a gestão e a educação ambiental no Pará enfrentam desafios como o desmatamento ilegal, a falta de conscientização da população, a ausência de políticas públicas integradas e eficazes, e a carência de recursos financeiros e infraestrutura. A discussão contextualiza esses desafios com o referencial teórico, evidenciando a necessidade de ações coordenadas entre governo, sociedade e setor produtivo.
Implicações da Pesquisa: As implicações desta pesquisa abrangem as áreas de gestão ambiental e educação, com destaque para a promoção de políticas públicas voltadas a sustentabilidade, o fortalecimento da governança ambiental e a ampliação de programas educacionais. Tais medidas podem impactar positivamente a preservação ambiental e o desenvolvimento económico sustentável no estado do Pará.
Originalidade/Valor: Este estudo contribui para a literatura ao abordar os desafios específicos enfrentados pela gestão e educação ambiental em uma das regiões mais ricas em biodiversidade do mundo. Sua relevância está em propor uma abordagem integrada e multidisciplinar para enfrentar os problemas socioambientais no Pará, promovendo práticas sustentáveis e maior conscientização social.
Palavras-chave: Gestão Ambiental, Educação Ambiental, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Pará.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los desafios de la gestion y educación ambiental enfrentados en el estado de Pará, con el fin de identificar estrategias y prácticas que puedan promover el desarrollo sostenible, considerando las especificidades geográficas, socioeconómicas y culturales de la región.
Marco Teórico: La investigación se fundamenta en conceptos relacionados a la gestión ambiental y educación ambiental, destacándose los aportes de Jacobi (2013), Loureiro (2014) y Neto et al. (2019). También se explora el marco legal brasileño, incluida la Constitución Federal de 1988 y la Política Nacional de Educación Ambiental (Ley n° 9.795/1999).
Método: La metodología adoptada fue un enfoque cualitativo y descriptivo, basado en la investigación bibliográfica. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de consultas y análisis en libros, periódicos, revistas especializadas y fuentes en línea, buscando una comprensión profunda de los desafíos y potenciales soluciones para la gestión y educación ambiental en Pará.
Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados revelaron que la gestión y la educación ambiental en Pará enfrentan desafíos como la deforestación ilegal, la falta de concientización pública, la ausencia de políticas públicas integradas y efectivas y la falta de recursos financieros e infraestructura. La discusión contextualiza estos desafíos con el marco teórico, destacando la necesidad de acciones coordinadas entre gobierno, sociedad y sector productivo.
Implicaciones de la investigacion: Las implicaciones de esta investigacion abarcan las areas de gestion y educación ambiental, con énfasis en la promoción de políticas públicas orientadas a la sostenibilidad, el fortalecimiento de la gobernanza ambiental y la ampliación de programas educativos. Estas medidas pueden tener un impacto positivo en la preservación del medio ambiente y el desarrollo económico sostenible en el estado de Pará.
Originalidad/Valor: Este estudio contribuye a la literatura al abordar los desafíos específicos que enfrentan la gestión y la educación ambiental en una de las regiones más ricas en biodiversidad del mundo. Su relevancia radica en proponer un enfoque integrado y multidisciplinario para abordar los problemas socioambientales en Pará, promoviendo prácticas sostenibles y una mayor conciencia social.
Palabras clave: Gestión Ambiental, Educación Ambiental, Desarrollo Sostenible, Pará.
1 INTRODUCTION
The urban dynamics of Brazilian cities present a panorama marked by development resulting from the industrialization process and, more recently, by transformations in the pattern of production and consumption, related to changes in the world of work, in contemporary society, which impose challenges on urban management (Santos, 2018).
Environmental management and environmental education are two themes that are intrinsically linked and necessary for the preservation and conservation of the environment, as they have theoretical and practical foundations that support their actions and objectives. Both are important for building a more sustainable world, balancing human development with the protection of the natural environment. Environmental management provides the necessary tools for decision-making and the implementation of actions that reduce environmental impacts, While environmental education promotes awareness and changes in individual and collective behaviors (Lopes; Ambivero, 2017). However, in practice, this harmony is non-existent, which poses challenges in terms of its applicability in Brazilian states, such as Pará, resulting in several dilemmas, presenting economic, political and socio-environmental problems.
Given the aforementioned assumptions, it is possible to describe that the consequences can be seen in the constant and increasing degradation in the geographic space, through environmental impacts resulting from the devastation of the Amazon Rainforest, Mining Companies, the amount of waste improperly deposited in the environment and others.
Therefore, it is argued that, based on the potential environmental impacts resulting from these actions, the central question to guide the development of this research is: what are the challenges of environmental management and education faced in the state of Pará, for the promotion of sustainable development?
The theme was chosen because we know the importance of environmental preservation, as regulated by Law No. 9,795 of April 27, 1999/2012 - the National Environmental Education Policy (Brazil, 1999) and the National Guidelines for Environmental Education (Brazil, 2012), as guiding principles to ensure decent living conditions and minimize environmental problems.
Therefore, the theme is of unquestionable relevance, since it helps to raise awareness among managers and society in general about the damage being caused to nature and that profoundly affects human life.
The objective of the article is to analyze the challenges of environmental management and education faced in the state of Para, to promote sustainable development in light of the scientific literature.
2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE BRAZILIAN CONSTITUTION OF 1988
In 1988, the Basic Law addressed the issue of the environment, contemplating not only its normative character, linked to the natural environment, but also recognizing its other aspects: the artificial environment, the work environment, the cultural environment and genetic heritage, also dealt with in several other articles of the Constitution.
Specifically, Article 225 of the Constitution is brought to light, which plays the role of the main guideline for the environment, due to the fact that its theoretical framework of rights is complex, measured by the obligation of the State and society to guarantee an ecologically balanced environment, since it is a common good of the people that must be preserved and maintained for present and future generations (Brazil, 1988).
According to Antunes (2010), this demonstrates the importance of caring for the environment, in addition to the regulations created by States and Municipalities. As can be seen, Brazil has extensive environmental legislation, considered by many to be one of the best in the world. But this alone is not enough; it is important that it be respected and applied definitively. Milaré (2010) explains that even with the enactment of several standards, it was only in 1980 that legislation on environmental issues began to develop more consistently and quickly, since the set of standards that existed until then were not concerned with protecting the environment specifically and globally, but were only intended to address the exploitation of the environment by man. The 1988 Constitution, in addition to ensuring the preservation of the environment, previously protected only at the infra-constitutional level, sought to outline and define the powers of the entities of the federation, and it must be said that it innovated in legislative technique, by consecrating different articles in its text regulating the power to legislate and to administer. It is worth noting that this theorization aims to promote the decentralization of environmental protection. Thus, the Union, States, Municipalities and the Federal District have broad powers to legislate on environmental matters, although conflicts of jurisdiction often arise, especially with Public Administrations (Barbieri, 2014).
However, even before the Constitution, Brazilian environmental legislation already existed and had a sophisticated level of organization and scope. In 1975, Decree-Law No. 1,413, in its article 1, already established that industries should adopt conditions to "prevent or correct the inconveniences and damages of pollution and contamination of the environment" (Brazil, 1975). Federal Law No. 6,803 was instituted in 1980, dealing with, among other things, industrial zoning and environmental licensing (Brazil, 1980).
In general, society is beginning to understand that environmental protection measures were not created to impede economic development. These guidelines bring about a new vision in the management of natural resources which enables, at the same time, effectiveness and efficiency in economic activity and maintains the diversity and stability of the environment.
2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
Environmental Management and Environmental Education are two important areas in the field of sustainability and environmental preservation. Both have as their main objective to raise awareness in society about the importance of environmental protection and to ensure sustainable development (Jacobi, 2013).
Environmental Management consists of a set of actions and strategies applied by companies, governments and organizations to minimize the negative impacts of human activities on the environment. It aims to plan, implement, monitor and control environmental practices and policies, ensuring the conservation of natural resources, the reduction of pollution and the efficient use of natural resources (Sauvé, 2015).
In addition, for the author above, Environmental Management seeks to ensure legal compliance in relation to environmental issues, offering solutions and promoting actions that have the least possible impact on the environment. This may include the development of clean technologies, the use of renewable energy, the application of good agricultural and industrial practices, among other measures.
For Meyer (2010, p. 76), environmental management is presented with the following objectives:
To maintain a healthy environment (as far as possible) to meet current human needs without compromising the needs of future generations; a means of acting on changes caused to the environment by the use and/or disposal of goods and waste generated by human activities, based on a technically and economically viable action plan, with clearly defined priorities; instruments for monitoring, controls, taxation, impositions, subsidies, dissemination, works and mitigating actions, in addition to training and awareness; a basis for environmental diagnostics (scenarios) in the area of activity, based on studies and research aimed at finding solutions to the problems that are detected.
Due to the degree of degradation, environmental management is concerned with the worldview and the relationship between humans and nature, following environmental legislation to solve environmental problems that legitimize the abusive use of the environment. Environmental Education for Loureiro (2014) focuses on raising awareness and educating society about environmental issues. It is a fundamental tool for promoting changes in behavior and attitudes toward the environment. Environmental Education is implemented from school onwards, through different social spaces, such as companies, local communities, NGOs and governments. Environmental education is a learning process that aims to raise awareness among individuals and communities about the importance of and care for the environment. It encompasses the transmission of knowledge, changing attitudes and encouraging social participation in the search for sustainable solutions. Environmental education can be carried out in different spaces, such as schools, communities, companies and public institutions. Therefore, through education, it is possible to disseminate knowledge about the importance of environmental protection, encouraging individual and collective actions that promote sustainability. Furthermore, Environmental Education seeks to develop skills and competencies that allow people to act as agents of change, aware of their impacts on the environment and capable of making more sustainable decisions in their daily lives.
The concepts of Environmental Management and Environmental Education are closely interconnected. While Environmental Management focuses on specific practices and actions to protect the environment, Environmental Education is responsible for engaging society and promoting a change in mindset regarding nature (Colagrande; Farias, 2021).
Therefore, the combination of Environmental Management and Environmental Education is essential for building a society that is more aware and responsible in relation to the environment. Through the integration of actions and knowledge, it is possible to guarantee the preservation of natural resources and the promotion of sustainable development, aiming at a future with quality of life for all (Neto et al., 2019).
In this sense, both have been configured as the most important activities related to any enterprise. Furthermore, it also involves the management of matters pertaining to the environment, through environmental management systems, the search for sustainable development, the analysis of the life cycle of products and the issue of environmental liabilities.
2.3 CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION IN THE STATE OF PARA
The challenges of environmental management and education in the state of Para are numerous and complex, due to the geographic, socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of the region. The state of Para has a large area of Amazon rainforest and is rich in natural resources, such as minerals, timber, water and biodiversity. However, the exploitation of these resources has been excessive and often unsustainable, leading to serious environmental problems (Carvalho, 2012).
One of the main challenges is to combat illegal deforestation and encourage sustainable management practices. Рага is one of the states with the highest rates of deforestation in the Amazon, due to land grabbing, agricultural and livestock expansion, illegal mining and the expansion of the agricultural frontier. It is necessary to intensify monitoring and implement effective measures to combat illegality and promote sustainable production alternatives (Para, 2011).
Another challenge is the lack of awareness among the population about the importance of environmental conservation and preservation. Environmental education is essential to promote behavior change and encourage sustainable practices. It is necessary to develop educational programs and train teachers and other professionals to disseminate knowledge about the importance of the forest and natural resources, in addition to fostering respect for the cultural diversity and biodiversity present in the state (Souza, 2019).
In addition, it is important to promote the active participation of civil society, non-governmental organizations and traditional communities in environmental management. This participation can occur through public consultations, encouraging the creation of local environmental protection organizations and valuing the traditional knowledge of indigenous and quilombola populations (Jacobi, 2017).
Environmental governance is also a challenge for the state of Pará. It is necessary to strengthen integration between state and federal agencies responsible for environmental management, as well as coordination with the productive sectors, to ensure efficient and coordinated management (Pará, 2011).
Another important point is the economic viability of sustainable activities. It is necessary to create compensation mechanisms and financial incentives for communities and producers that adopt sustainable practices, such as payment for environmental services and access to low-interest credit lines.
Finally, the implementation of sustainable development policies and the expansion of infrastructure for environmental management are challenges that require investment and technical support. The construction of conservation units, land regularization, the creation of protected areas and the implementation of forest restoration projects are necessary actions to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources (Franco, 2019) in the state of Para.
In short, the challenges of environmental management and education in the state of Pará are complex and require integrated and coordinated actions between the government, civil society and the productive sector. Only through a holistic and participatory approach will it be possible to ensure the preservation and sustainable use of natural resources in the state.
3 METHODOLOGY
This is a bibliographical research, with a qualitative and descriptive approach, which according to (Prestes, 2015, p. 23), "is one that is carried out by trying to solve a problem or acquire knowledge from the predominant use of information from graphic, audio or computerized material." To carry out this type of research, a survey of the themes and types of approaches worked on by other scholars was carried out, assimilating the concepts and exploring the aspects already published, which makes it relevant to collect and select knowledge cataloged in libraries, publishers, on the internet, among other sources.
The research was carried out through consultations, analyses and interpretations in the main research sources such as books, periodicals, specialized magazines, online records and other resources that addressed the study in question.
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Environmental management is increasingly seen as a dimension that involves a set of educational actions (environmental education), enhancing the engagement of various knowledge systems, the training of professionals and the community from an interdisciplinary perspective (Carvalho, 2012). In this sense, according to the author cited above, in training and in the production of knowledge, it is necessary to carefully observe the interrelations between the natural and social environments, including the analysis of the determinants of the process, increasing the power of alternative actions for new development, from a perspective that prioritizes a new management profile with an emphasis on socio-environmental sustainability. To this end, it is pertinent to say that human beings are one of the main causes of devastation, which is why there is an urgent need for responsible actions throughout their journey on earth, intervening through environmental education that must begin very early and continue throughout life, with the aim of helping to develop their critical spirit, their sense of initiative, allowing them to make decisions responsibly (Lukuama, 2018). Environmental management is an area of knowledge that seeks to plan, organize and control activities related to the environment, aiming to guarantee sustainability and quality of life for present and future generations. It involves the analysis and monitoring of environmental impacts, the development of public policies, the implementation of programs and projects, and the search for technological solutions and sustainable practices.
The foundation of environmental management is based on principles such as sustainable development, which aims to reconcile economic growth with environmental protection and social justice. In addition, it uses tools such as environmental impact studies, risk assessment, waste management, water resource management, among others, which are based on scientific and technical knowledge.
And the foundation of environmental education is based on pedagogical, sociological and psychological theories that seek to understand how people learn and relate to the environment. In addition, it uses concepts such as interdisciplinarity, citizen participation, environmental ethics, the appreciation of biodiversity and critical awareness, seeking to develop responsible and conscientious citizens. Therefore, environmental management and education in the state of Para face several challenges, ranging from political and cultural issues to a lack of resources and infrastructure. These challenges hinder the implementation of conservation and sustainability policies and programs, as well as raising public awareness about the importance of environmental preservation.
One of the main challenges is the lack of an effective and consistent environmental policy in the state. The absence of clear guidelines and an integrated action plan compromises environmental management, allowing illegal deforestation, fires and other environmental crimes to occur. In addition, institutional weaknesses and corruption also hinder the effectiveness of conservation actions.
Another challenge is cultural and social resistance to changing practices and behaviors. The population of Para, especially rural and indigenous communities, often lacks adequate information about the negative impacts of predatory economic activities. Furthermore, dependence on sectors such as mining, agriculture and extractive industries hinder the transition to a sustainable economy and the adoption of practices that make conscious use of natural resources.
The lack of financial resources and the lack of infrastructure are also significant challenges. Environmental management requires investment in technologies and equipment suitable for monitoring and controlling activities that cause environmental impacts. In addition, it is necessary to invest in environmental education, training professionals and structuring spaces to promote awareness-raising activities.
Another challenge is the lack of structure and investment in the area of environmental education. Many schools do not have projects or policies aimed at raising students' awareness of environmental issues and developing conscious and responsible citizens. Furthermore, professionals working in this area often do not have the necessary qualifications and training to develop effective educational activities.
The lack of coordination between government agencies is also a challenge. Environmental management actions are often not integrated and coordinated, which makes it difficult to implement effective environmental preservation policies. In addition, corruption and lack of oversight are also problems that compromise the effectiveness of environmental management in the state.
The geographic and socioeconomic dimensions of Pará also pose challenges for environmental management and education. The state has a large territorial area and great socioeconomic diversity, which requires specific strategies and policies for each region. In addition, the presence of traditional communities, such as indigenous and riverside populations, requires a differentiated approach that is sensitive to local ways of life and knowledge.
To overcome these challenges and promote effective environmental management and education in the state of Pará, it is necessary to develop public policies that prioritize the conservation of natural resources and the promotion of sustainability. It is necessary to invest in the creation of conservation units, in efficient oversight, and in the application of punishments for environmental crimes.
In addition, it is essential to raise awareness among the population about the importance of environmental preservation and to encourage active participation by society in the search for sustainable solutions. This can be done by implementing environmental education programs in schools, conducting awareness campaigns, and promoting local culture as a way of strengthening communities' identity and connection with the environment.
In short, the challenges of environmental management and education in the state of Pará are complex and require integrated and consistent actions. Overcoming these challenges is essential to ensure the conservation of natural resources and ensure a sustainable future for present and future generations.
5 CONCLUSION
Environmental management and education complement and strengthen each other. Environmental management needs the support of environmental education to raise awareness and engage society in the adoption of sustainable practices. On the other hand, environmental education needs environmental management to ensure the effectiveness of educational actions and promote structural changes.
The theoretical and practical foundations of environmental management and environmental education are fundamental to preserving the environment and building a sustainable future. Through an integrated and multidisciplinary approach, it is possible to develop strategies and actions that promote the conservation of natural resources and raise awareness among the population. However, the results indicate that environmental management and education face several challenges in the state of Para. One of the main ones is the lack of awareness among the population due to the lack of adoption of environmental policies that align their organizational objectives with environmental objectives and the importance of preserving the environment and the relationship between economic development and the conservation of natural resources, promoting changes towards a new environmentally friendly management, promoting awareness among employees, customers, suppliers and the community, and the lack of awareness among the population of the real importance of environmental prevention and controlling environmental impacts.
Finally, pressure from economic and political interests is also a major challenge for environmental management and education in Para. The intense exploitation of natural resources and the search for economic growth often override the interests of environmental preservation, which makes it difficult to implement protection and conservation measures.
In view of these challenges, it is essential to promote greater awareness among the population about the importance of environmental preservation and integrated and coordinated management among government agencies. Furthermore, investments in environmental education, professional training and more effective monitoring are essential to face the challenges and promote the conservation of natural resources in the state of Para.
The study is expected to contribute to enabling environmental managers and educators to work both in the business world, carrying out quality projects, and in public bodies or through organized civil society, ensuring compliance with and improvement of environmental legislation.
Sidebar
References
REFERENCES
Antunes, P. de В. (2010). Direito ambiental (12º ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Lumen Juris.
Barbieri, J. С. (2014). Gestdo ambiental empresarial: Conceitos, modelos e instrumentos. Sao Paulo: Saraiva.
Brasil. (1975). Decreto-Lei nº 1.413, de 14 de agosto de 1975. Dispõe sobre o controle da poluição do meio ambiente provocada por atividades industriais.
Brasil. (1980). Lei nº 6.803, de 2 de julho de 1980. Dispõe sobre as diretrizes básicas para o zoneamento industrial nas áreas críticas de poluição e dá outras providências.
Brasil. (1988). Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988.
Brasil. (1999). Lei nº 9.795, de 27 de abril de 1999. Dispõe sobre a educação ambiental, institui a Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental e dá outras providências. Disponível em http://planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/LEIS/L9795.htm
Brasil. Ministério da Educação. Conselho Nacional de Educação. Conselho Pleno. (2012). Resolução nº 2, de 15 de julho de 2012. Estabelece as Diretrizes Nacionais para a Educacäo Ambiental. Disponivel em http://portal.mec.gov.br/index.php?option=com_docman&view=download&alias=10988-rcp002-12-pdf&category_slug=maio-2012-pdf&Itemid=30192
Capra, Е. (2013). As conexões ocultas: Ciência para uma vida sustentável. Sao Paulo: Cultrix.
Carvalho, I. С. M. (2012). Educação ambiental: A formação do sujeito ecológico (6º ed.). São Paulo: Cortez.
Colagrande, Е. A., & Farias, L. А. (2021). Apresentação: Educação ambiental e о contexto escolar brasileiro: Desafios presentes, reflexões permanentes. Educação em Revista.
Franco, К. М. (2019). Principais problemas ambientais municipais e perspectivas de solucäo. In Philippi Jr., A. et al. Municipios e meio ambiente: Perspectivas para a municipalização da gestão ambiental no Brasil (pp. 19-32). São Paulo: ANAMMA; MPO.
Jacobi, P. (2013). Educacäo ambiental, cidadania e sustentabilidade. Cadernos de Pesquisa, 118.
Jacobi, Р. К. (2017). Educação para a cidadania: Participação e co-responsabilidade. Debates Socioambientais, П(7), 1-2.
Lopes, A. F., & Ambivero, M. C. (2017). A educação ambiental e о papel gestor ambiental. Diversidade e Gestão, 1(1), 51-56.
Loureiro, C. F. B. (2014). Sustentabilidade e educação. São Paulo: Cortez.
Lukuama, R. M. (2018, 2 de julho). Est-ce que la République Démocratique du Congo va-telle atteindre tous ses objectifs du développement durable d'ici 2030? Amis du vert [Podcast]. Disponível em https://podmust.com/amisduvert/099-est-cequerdcodd/P-GOD41
Meyer, E. (2010). O desenvolvimento do pensamento ambiental. Brasilia: UnB.
Milaré, É. (2010). Direito do ambiente. Säo Paulo: RT.
Neto, A. S., Campos, L. M. de S., & Shigunov, T. (2019). Fundamentos da gestäo ambiental. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Ciéncia Moderna Ltda.
Pará. (2010). Lei n° 7.389, de 31 de marco de 2010. Define as atividades de impacto ambiental local no estado do Pará e dá outras providéncias.
Prestes, M. L. de M. (2015). A pesquisa e a construção do conhecimento científico: Do planejamento aos textos da escola a academia (3· ed.). Catanduva: Réspel.
Santos, M. (2018). Planejamento ambiental: Teoria e prática. Sao Paulo: Oficina de Textos.
Sauvé, L. (2015). Courants d'intervention en éducation relative a l'environnement. Montréal: Université du Québec à Montréal, Collectif ERE-Francophonie.
Souza, Е. С. B., et al. (2019). Desafios da gestão ambiental nos municipios. In Little, P. (Org.), Políticas ambientais no Brasil: Análises, instrumentos e experiéncias (Parte IT). Sao Paulo: Peirópolis; Brasilia: HES.
