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Introduction
Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main subtype of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide [1]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there will be about 2.2 million new lung cancer cases worldwide in 2020, of which LUAD accounts for more than 40% [2]. In China, the number of new lung cancer cases reached 1,060,600 cases in 2022, accounting for 22.0% of all malignant tumors, of which LUAD also accounted for a major proportion [3]. Despite some progress in molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy in recent years, the overall prognosis of LUAD patients is still unsatisfactory [4]. Most patients are in advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, resulting in a five-year survival rate of only about 20%. Traditional treatments, such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, have limited effectiveness and are often accompanied by significant side effects [5]. In addition, tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance further limit the therapeutic efficacy [6]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new biomarkers to enable early diagnosis, predict prognosis, and guide individualized treatment strategies to improve the survival and quality of life of LUAD patients.
Disulfidptosis is a newly proposed cell death mechanism characterized by the abnormal formation of intracellular disulfide bonds leading to protein misfolding and aggregation, which ultimately triggers cell death [7, 8]. This mechanism is particularly pronounced under conditions of cellular stress and may play an important role in a variety of diseases, including cancer. CD2 Associated Protein (CD2AP) is a key gene closely related to Disulfidptosis, which is mainly involved in cytoskeleton reorganization and signaling [9, 10]. Studies have shown that aberrant expression of CD2AP may affect the cell survival and death process. In LUAD, the specific role of CD2AP has not been fully investigated, but it may affect the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of tumor cells by regulating cytoskeleton and signaling pathways. An in-depth study of the function of CD2AP in LUAD is expected to reveal new pathogenic mechanisms and provide potential targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Multi-omics analysis combines genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to comprehensively analyze the complex mechanisms of the disease [11]. This integrative approach can reveal the interactions between different biological levels...