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ABSTRACT
As autonomous mobile robots integrate into social contexts such as hospitals, restaurants, and grocery stores, it is critical to have successful human-robot navigation. In the field of human-robot interaction (HRI), the psychological concept of proxemic theory is used to understand spatial distance. However, a full understanding of proxemic theory must consider the influence of both cultural and individual factors on personal space and comfort. This comprehensive approach ensures the development of socially competent robots. Participants watched videos of a human confederate being approached by a male, female, and...