Content area
Videos represent the most prevailing form of digital media for communication, information dissemination, and monitoring. However, their widespread use has increased the risks of unauthorised access and manipulation, posing significant challenges. In response, various protection approaches have been developed to secure, authenticate, and ensure the integrity of digital videos. This study provides a comprehensive survey of the challenges associated with maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of video content, and examining how it can be manipulated. It then investigates current developments in the field of video security by exploring two critical research questions. First, it examine the techniques used by adversaries to compromise video data and evaluate their impact. Understanding these attack methodologies is crucial for developing effective defense mechanisms. Second, it explores the various security approaches that can be employed to protect video data, enhancing its transparency, integrity, and trustworthiness. It compares the effectiveness of these approaches across different use cases, including surveillance, video on demand (VoD), and medical videos related to disease diagnostics. Finally, it identifies potential research opportunities to enhance video data protection in response to the evolving threat landscape. Through this investigation, this study aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts in securing video data, providing insights that are vital for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers dedicated to enhancing the safety and reliability of video content in our digital world.