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Abstract
Modern ships are complex technical units composed of various systems and subsystems, including the ship management system, safety and protective systems for the ship and crew, propulsion system, hull structure, power supply and distribution system, cargo handling system, and accommodation systems for crew and passengers. All these systems are interconnected and collectively contribute to the ship's purpose, primarily achieved through comprehensive maintenance. Increasingly rigorous international regulations regarding ship and crew safety, as well as environmental protection, encourage shipowners to emphasize regular, proactive, and predictive maintenance of ship systems to ensure uninterrupted operations without delays. Advancements in modern technology have transformed approaches to ship maintenance by leveraging developments in the ICT sector, including analytical methods and AI models like machine learning and deep learning, which have revolutionized maintenance practices. This paper, in addition to exploring conventional maintenance methods, investigates key components of predictive maintenance, discusses challenges such as transparency and ethical implications, and analyzes the latest trends in AI-based predictive maintenance-from sensors and data collection to data processing algorithms and decision-making modules.
Keywords: maintenance, reliability, ship systems, predictive maintenance
1. Introduction
Any maintenance system consists of its components and connections between them, which ensure the complete upkeep of specific types and categories of technical systems throughout their lifecycle. The primary characteristics of a maintenance system include conceptual (maintenance policies, comprehensiveness), organizational (processes, process management: levels, authorities, planning, supervision, information, etc.) and technological aspects. Maintenance technology encompasses all preventive and corrective maintenance operations, through which a particular type of technical system is maintained effectively over its useful lifespan. The choice of maintenance policy depends on the fundamental maintenance approach selected, which can be categorized as reactive maintenance, scheduled periodic maintenance (preventive), based on time or operational resources, or reliability-centered maintenance.
This paper outlines various maintenance approaches and explains the lifecycle management system established during the design and construction phases of a ship. All ships share a common classification of systems essential to their operation. The analysis focuses on maintenance specificities in light of the general purpose of the ship, to which all ship subsystems are subordinated. The purpose of this paper is to consolidate, in one place, the types of modern ships and their distinctive characteristics, highlighting the importance of preventive, proactive, and predictive maintenance.