Effect of enhanced external counterpulsation on the rehabilitation of patients with acute myocardial infarction after drug-coated balloon-based percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract

Objective

To observe, compare and explore the effect of enhanced extracorporeal counterpulsation (EECP) treatment on cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using a drug-coated balloon (DCB).

Methods

This study was a prospective randomised controlled trial of 60 patients with AMI after undergoing PCI using a DCB. Using a random number table method, the patients were randomly divided into control and rehabilitation groups, with 30 patients in each. The follow-up period was 6 months. Patients in the control group received conventional drug and exercise rehabilitation after undergoing DCB-based PCI; those in the rehabilitation group were also given an EECP-based rehabilitation regimen after 7 days of medication and exercise rehabilitation. The effects of EECP on the rehabilitation of patients with AMI after undergoing DCB-based PCI were evaluated by observing changes in cardiac function before and after treatment in the two groups of patients, including cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and 6-minute walking distance (6MWD).

Results

After 6 months of treatment, the control versus the rehabilitation groups’ cardiac function results were as follows: CO (5.00 ± 0.67 vs. 4.64 ± 0.58, P = 0.023), SV (70.53 ± 3.33 vs. 65.57 ± 6.10, P < 0.001), BNP (157.63 ± 15.37 vs. 219.40 ± 16.73, P < 0.001), LVEF (65.57 ± 4.33 vs. 60.10 ± 2.92, P < 0.001) and 6MWD (455.43 ± 39.75 vs. 400.73 ± 36.81, P < 0.001). The patients in the rehabilitation group showed improved cardiac function compared with the control group, with statistically significant differences. Furthermore, the improvement in the New York Heart Association cardiac function grading (P < 0.001) and Canadian Cardiovascular Association angina grading (P < 0.001) in the rehabilitation group were significantly improved compared with the gradings of the control group.

Conclusion

Using EECP treatment significantly improved the cardiac function of patients with AMI after undergoing DCB-based PCI and was beneficial for their cardiac rehabilitation.