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By analyzing tactics used in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, the Russia-Ukraine War, and the Israel-Hamas War, and current military doctrine, this study demonstrates that the complementary efforts of MISO and PA can provide a significant advantage to the side that dominates the information war. The current joint doctrine asserts that PA and PSYOP are distinct activities, lacking detailed roadmap for maintaining synchronized communication to each function's respective audience. The 2010 publication also stated that, under law, PSYOP operations would not be conducted on U.S. citizens (Joint Chiefs of Staff, 2010). Premise 1: PA's doctrine delineating a separate, distinct, yet coordinated relationship with MISO, leading to ambiguity on how these activities should interact within the information environment. 2.2 Joint MISO Doctrine Unlike the doctrine for PA, the joint publication for MISO/PSYOP includes a specific section detailing the relationship between PA and MISO.