Content area
The acoustically actuated antenna technology enables a significant reduction in antenna dimension, facilitating miniaturization of ground-penetrating radar systems in the very high-frequency (VHF) band. However, the current acoustically actuated antennas suffer from narrow bandwidth and low range resolution. To address this issue, this paper proposed a three-dimensional (3D) localization method for underground targets, which combined two-dimensional (2D) array direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with continuous spatial sampling without relying on range resolution. By leveraging the small dimension of acoustically actuated antennas, a 2D uniform linear array was formed to obtain the target’s angle using DOA estimation. Based on the variation pattern of 2D angles in continuous spatial sampling, the genetic algorithm was employed to estimate the 3D coordinates of underground targets. The numerical simulation results indicated that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed 3D localization method is 1.68 cm, which outperforms conventional methods that utilize wideband frequency-modulated pulse signals with hyperbolic vertex detection in theoretical localization accuracy, while also demonstrating good robustness. The gprMax electromagnetic simulation results further confirmed that this method can effectively localize multiple targets in ideal homogeneous underground media.
Details
Localization method;
Antenna arrays;
Velocity;
Genetic algorithms;
Root-mean-square errors;
Antennas;
Ground penetrating radar;
Radar equipment;
Unmanned aerial vehicles;
Methods;
Multiple target tracking;
Linear arrays;
Direction of arrival;
Localization;
Acoustics;
Very high frequencies;
Radar;
Computer simulation;
Efficiency;
Sampling
; Tianxiang, Nan 2 ; Cheng Xinger 1 ; Zhang, Zhuo 3 1 National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; [email protected] (C.J.); [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (X.C.), School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2 School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (T.N.), Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3 National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; [email protected] (C.J.); [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (X.C.)