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ABSTRACT:
Because of solubility issues, improving the bioavailability of drugs administered orally in solid medicament continue to be an obstacle for scientists dealing with the formulation design. A solid dosage form's absorption of somewhat insoluble medications may be slowed down by their rate of disintegration. Therefore, scientists have a problem in improving the solubility aspects of the poorly soluble drugs utilizing solid dispersion approach. Solid dispersion methods have generated a lot of attention because they can speed up the dissolution aspects of the highly lipophilic medications and comparatively increase the bioavailability by lowering particle size of drug, enhancing wettability and creating amorphous particles. A class of solid products with at least two separate ingredients, often a hydrophobic medication or a hydrophilic inert carrier, are referred to as solid dispersions. Standard formulations like tablets or capsules can be replaced with solid dispersion made utilizing a number of processes, and it offers numerous benefits over them. This review summarizes and aims to give an insight about BCS classification, types of solid dispersion, their mechanism for solubility enhancement, carriers employed, methods of solid dispersion preparation, advantages, limitations, characterization and research work related to solid dispersions.
KEYWORDS: Solid Dispersion, Bioavailability, Carrier, Solubility, Lipophilic.
INTRODUCTION:
Drug effectiveness is significantly influenced by solubility. It is important to take into account a drug's fundamental property of water solubility. Particularly for medications with low solubility, the pharmacokinetic profile is crucial. Drugs with limited solubility will have less active drug molecules in the systemic circulation when taken orally, which also reduces the medicine's bioavailability.
Solubilityis defined as the maximum content of a given drugwhich gets dissolved in a particular solvent at various parameters of pH, temperature and pressure. Dissolution of drug is a dynamic feature that is closely associated with the rate of bioavailability as compared to solubility of drug when taken in a saturated form".
Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS):
In order to categorize medicinal compounds according to their water solubility and membrane permeability, BCS was created in mid of 199083. Due to low solubility of Class IV and Class II experiences solubility obstruction, with dissolution acting to be a ratecontrolling parameter in the absorption of drug·.
A variety of methods, including solid dispersion, spray drying, complexation with cyclodextrin, polymeric micelles, nanocrystals, etc.,...