Numerical investigation of entropy generation of Joule heating in non-axisymmetric flow of hybrid nanofluid towards stretching surface

Abstract

The industrial sector has shown a growing interest in hybrid nanofluids affected by magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) owing to their wide range of applications, including photovoltaic water heaters and scraped surface heat exchangers. The main purpose of this study is to look at how entropy is created in a hybrid nanofluid of ${\rm{A{{l}_2}{{O}_3}{-}Cu}}$ mixed with ${\rm{{{H}_2}O}}$ at a non-axisymmetric stagnation point flow with Joule heating and viscous dissipation. By using appropriate non-similarity transformations, the partial differential equations (PDEs) governing the boundary layer region of this issue are transformed into a set of non-linear PDEs. The BVP4c MATLAB program, which uses local non-similarity and additional truncation, may fix the problem. The velocity profiles in both directions grow when the values of ${{\phi }_2},\ M,\lambda $, and A parameters increase. The temperature profile rises as the values of A and $Ec$ grow and lowers as ${{\phi }_2}$ and M increase. The obtained numerical findings demonstrate significant impacts on both the heat transfer rate and fluid flow parameters of the hybrid nanofluid. When the concentration of nanoparticles and the magnetic parameter are heightened, there is an enhancement seen in the skin friction coefficient and decline in heat transfer rate. In addition, the entropy production profile shows an increasing tendency as a function of the parameters ${{\phi }_2},\ M,$ and $Br,$ while demonstrating a decreasing tendency of function of the parameter $\alpha $. The Bejan number profile has a positive correlation with the parameter $\alpha $ but shows a negative correlation with the variables ${{\phi }_2},\ M,$ and $Br$.