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The visualization of the Street Kids of Buenos Aires, the “Forgotten Ones” of Mexico City, and the Quinquis of Barcelona and Madrid examines the representation of marginalized subjects, communities, and identities in major urban centers of the Hispanic world. This research investigates how urban marginality is conceptualized through intersecting social, racial, economic, and spatial categories. Through a critical and contextually grounded approach, it addresses the historical and regional specificities of each case while also identifying points of convergence across distinct experiences of exclusion and discrimination in urban space. Positioning alternative audiovisual narratives as a central analytical framework enables a departure from traditional perspectives, making it possible to engage with representations, discourses, and memories that are often excluded from hegemonic or stereotypical portrayals. Some key films in the analysis are Los olvidados (1950), El apando (1976) and Perro callejero (1980) from Mexico, Crónica de un niño solo (1965), Pizza, birra, faso (1998) and El bonaerense (2000) from Argentina, and Perros callejeros (1977), Deprisa, deprisa (1981) and Colegas (1982) from Spain. In addition, the study reveals how the dynamics of marginality in global cities are intertwined with the evolving (re)construction of social identities over time.
This study foregrounds several key dimensions: the cinematographic representation of criminalized and marginalized figures at the intersection of documentary and fiction; the urban planning and spatial design of areas designated for underrepresented and minoritized communities; the institutional mechanisms through which hegemonic power incarcerates, isolates, and punishes the delinquent body; and the compounded discrimination experienced by the most vulnerable identities, even within their own communities. These analytical axes form the foundation of this work, offering a framework through which to interrogate and recontextualize practices of socioeconomic apartheid, disciplinary regimes, and mechanisms of social control.
On the one hand, this study seeks to identify the direct and indirect strategies through which dominant systems construct and sustain the figure of the Other across social, economic, spatial, and cultural domains, functioning as mechanisms of totalizing control. On the other hand, it examines the everyday tactics employed by marginalized, ignored, and relegated figures within the urban landscape—tactics that not only enable survival but also carve out spaces for expression, reflection, and self-representation. In this context, the study shows how these subjects reconfigure their relationship with the city and the broader social panorama, contesting the limitations imposed by hegemonic and hierarchical structures.
To examine all these issues in depth, this investigation draws on a combination of theoretical and critical frameworks. Biopolitics and necropolitics provide lenses for analyzing the governance of life and death; the right to the city enables the exploration of contested access to and appropriation of urban space; and intersectionality offers a method for investigating how overlapping systems of oppression—such as class, race, ethnicity, gender, and disability—shape the experiences of marginalized populations, including quinquis, mercheros, migrants, refugees, Indigenous peoples, outsiders, sex workers, and people with disabilities. These approaches are situated within an interdisciplinary framework that brings together Hispanic cultural studies, urban studies, and film studies, allowing for a nuanced analysis of marginality and its representations in urban contexts across both the Global North and the Global South. Films that depict marginalized lives from diverse perspectives also serve as a means to engage with contemporary urban conditions, particularly in peripheral neighborhoods and informal settlements, where the pursuit of a dignified life remains an ongoing struggle and access to basic services continues to pose a daily challenge.