Comparing the Psychological Well-Being of Hybrid Entrepreneurs to Full-Time Entrepreneurs, Single-Jobholders, and Dual-Jobholders

Abstract

The purpose of this quantitative comparative study is to determine, if and to what extent, the PWB of hybrid entrepreneurs, full-time entrepreneurs, single-jobholders, and multiple-jobholders differ from each other. A quantitative comparative study using a one-way ANOVA was conducted for two research questions on a sample of 249 US-based, English-speaking workers between the ages of 25-59 who self-identified as one of the targeted worker groups. Ryff’s psychological well-being (PWB) Framework and its accompanying Scales of Psychological Well-Being were the theoretical foundation and measure used. Until this study, it was not known if and to what extent, psychological well-being differs between hybrid entrepreneurs, full-time entrepreneurs, single-jobholders, and dual-jobholders. For RQ 1, the results of the ANOVA were, F (3, 245) = .291, (p = .832). This indicates there was not a statistically significant difference in the PWB score between the different worker groups. For RQ 2, the results of the ANOVA indicated there was not a statistically significant difference in the PWB scores between the different worker groups, F(1, 247) = .438, (p = .508). These findings reinforce the multidimensionality and universality of PWB in both concept and measure. It answers the question as to whether a separate definition of PWB is needed for entrepreneurs and reinforces findings from some extant literature that multiple factors, rather than say work category alone, coalesce to create one’s PWB.Keywords: Psychological well-being, eudaimonic well-being, hedonic well-being, worker well-being, entrepreneur well-being, hybrid entrepreneur, multiple-jobholder, entrepreneurship.