Appetitive Traits and Dietary Patterns in Mexican Children Aged 12 to 36 Months

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Appetitive traits may contribute to early feeding challenges by shaping children’s emerging dietary patterns. While food approach traits have been linked to excess weight, their role in influencing food type and quality during toddlerhood remains underexplored. This study aimed to examine associations between appetitive traits and dietary patterns in children aged 12 to 36 months. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from a university hospital and the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Mexico. A survey was conducted through direct interviews with primary caregivers, which included the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Toddlers (CEBQ-T) and a qualitative food group frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis. Statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between six appetitive traits and dietary patterns. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified: “Processed”, “Healthy” and “Dietary Transition/Modern Mexican”. Higher scores for Food Responsiveness and Emotional Overeating traits were associated with greater adherence to the Processed dietary pattern. Increased scores in Enjoyment of Food were associated with higher adherence to a Healthy dietary pattern. Children with higher scores in Food Fussiness exhibited lower adherence to the Healthy dietary pattern and were more likely to follow a Dietary Transition/Modern Mexican pattern. Between 12 and 36 months of age, appetitive traits may influence the development of more or less healthy dietary patterns. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of early identification of appetite-related behavioral tendencies as part of a broader understanding of feeding challenges in early childhood.