Interaction Dynamics in Collaborative Writing: The Impact of Communication Mode and Learner Goals in EFL Dyads

Abstract

This study examined how six male English as a foreign language (EFL) learners engaged in dyadic collaborative writing via three communication modes: face-to-face, synchronous computer-mediated communication using only text chat, and synchronous computer-mediated communication using only voice chat. It also assessed the influence of learners' individual goals. Participants were paired by proficiency, and activity theory was employed to analyze their interaction patterns in terms of mutuality and equality. Face-to-face and voice chat modes encouraged high mutuality, equality, dynamic exchange, immediate feedback, and engagement. However, the mutuality of text chat interactions focused on functionality, reducing opportunities for relational engagement and language-based discussion. While two pairs focused on balanced collaboration, the third developed an expert/novice dynamic, with one partner leading but facilitating joint decisions. Relational goals appeared crucial for mutual engagement, and effective communication modes appeared to optimize collaborative writing. These findings could inform the design of collaborative language learning tasks in various settings.