Integrated decision support system for optimizing time and cost trade offs in linear repetitive construction projects

Introduction

The construction industry represents 13% of the global gross domestic product^1,2. Thus, it plays a highly significant role in economies and helps in improving the standards of living^{3, 4-5}. Nevertheless, the scope of this sector is significantly threatened by the challenges that appear in light of the process of urbanization, which increases the pressure on the efficiency of infrastructure construction^6-8. As stated earlier, there is a pressing need for infrastructure development with commendable emphasis placed on linear repetitive works like bridges, tunnels, and highways, among others, in anticipation of the exploding population globally⁹.

Linear repetitive projects possess distinct characteristics that make them highly suitable for large-scale infrastructure developments. These projects involve sequentially repeated activities across multiple units or sections, ensuring consistency in execution. One of their key attributes is resource continuity, where work crews and equipment transition smoothly between repetitive units, minimizing idle time and improving overall productivity¹⁰. Additionally, the predictability and standardization of tasks enable more accurate planning, scheduling, and cost estimation, reducing uncertainties compared to non-repetitive projects. The structured nature of these projects also facilitates efficient resource utilization, as labor, materials, and equipment can be allocated systematically to optimize workflow.

The structure of linear repetitive projects offers significant benefits, particularly in enhancing efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The continuity of work improves crew productivity by minimizing disruptions and allowing for better specialization in task execution. Moreover, the Line of Balance (LOB) methodology can be effectively applied to maintain a steady production rate, ensuring that activities across different units progress synchronized¹¹. Cost efficiency is another advantage, as repetitive projects benefit from economies of scale, where standardized processes and bulk material procurement lead to substantial savings. Furthermore, the ability to decompose tasks into smaller sub-units provides greater flexibility in project execution, allowing for better control over scheduling and resource allocation. However, despite these advantages, linear repetitive projects require meticulous planning to address potential challenges such as resource bottlenecks and scheduling conflicts. Implementing effective strategies can mitigate these challenges, ensuring the successful execution of linear, repetitive construction projects¹¹.

Over the past few decades, the construction industry has faced several issues that make project management a nightmare. Some of the most significant challenges include...